1st quadrant Galactic SNRs (0°≤l<45°)

G0.0+0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Sgr A East ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 45 44
Declination: −29 00
Size (/arcmin): 3.5×2.5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 100?
Spectral Index: 0.8?

Radio: Non-thermal shell, in complex region, interacting with molecular material to the W.
X-ray: Diffuse emission, centrally peaked.
Point sources: Compact X-ray/radio source.

References:

Ekers et al. 1983, A&A, 122, 143. VLA at 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz (both 5″×8″), S_1.4 GHz=77 Jy, S_5.0 GHz=31 Jy. ADS
Pedlar et al. 1989, ApJ, 342, 769. VLA at 332 MHz (12″), 1.4 GHz (1.″3×2.″5) and 5 GHz (1.″3×2.″5). ADS
Mezger et al. 1989, A&A, 209, 337. Nearby molecular material. ADS
Ho et al. 1991, Nature, 350, 309. VLA of NH₃ emission from surroundings. ADS
Anantharamaiah et al. 1991, MNRAS, 249, 262. VLA at 330 MHz (17″×33″). ADS
Serabyn et al. 1992, ApJ, 395, 166. Nearby molecular material. ADS
Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 835. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×88″). ADS
Yusef-Zadeh & Mehringer 1995, ApJ, 452, L37. VLA of nearby H₂O masers. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 1999, ApJ, 512, 230. OH maser observations. ADS
Coil & Ho 2000, ApJ, 533, 245. NH₃ observations of surroundings. ADS
LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 207. VLA at 333 MHz (24″×43″). ADS
also see: LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 3145. Erratum. ADS
Fatuzzo et al. 2001, ApJ, 549, 293. Electron–positron lines from the vicinity. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2001, ApJ, 560, 749. Observations of nearby molecular hydrogen. ADS
Maeda et al. 2002, ApJ, 570, 671. Chandra observations. ADS
Sakano et al. 2003, AN, 324 (No S1), 197. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Roy & Pramesh Rao 2004, MNRAS, 349, L25. GMRT at 620 MHz (6.′6×11.′4). ADS
Sakano et al. 2004, MNRAS, 350, 129. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1″×2.″2). ADS
Park et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 964. Chandra observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2006, ApJ, 636, 777. H.E.S.S. detection. ADS
Koyama et al. 2007, PASJ, 59, S237. Suzaku observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 247. Molecular H₂ observations of surroundings. ADS
Sjouwerman & Pihlström 2008, ApJ, 681, 1287. VLA at 1.7 GHz of OH masers. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Tsuboi & Miyazaki 2012, PASJ, 64, 111. CO observations of SW. ADS
Minh et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 31. NH₃ observations of region. ADS
Zhao et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 146. VLA at 4.8 GHz (0.″5×0.″7), 5.5 GHz (0.″6×1.″6), and 8.3 GHz (1.″0×2.″0). ADS
Nynka et al. 2013, ApJ, 778, L31. NuSTAR of compact X-ray source. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA observations of methanol masers. ADS
Ponti et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 172. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Tsuboi et al. 2015, PASJ, 67, 109. CO observations of region. ADS
Lau et al. 2015, Science, 348, 413. IR observations. ADS
Ajello et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 44. Fermi observations. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 60. VLA at 1.5 GHz 0.″5×1.″4) and other frequencies. ADS
McEwen et al. 2016, ApJ, 832, 129. CH₃OH maser observations in region. ADS
Qiao et al. 2018, ApJS, 239, 15. OH maser observations. ADS
Ono et al. 2019, PASJ, 71, 52. Suzaku X-ray spectroscopy. ADS
Ogbodo et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 199. OH maser observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Zhou et al. 2021, ApJ, 908, 31. Chandra observations. ADS
Tanaka et al. 2021, ApJ, 915, 79. [CI] sub-mm observations of surroundings. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G0.3+0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 46 15
Declination: −28 38
Size (/arcmin): 15×8
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 22
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G0.33+0.04, G0.30+0.04 and G0.4+0.1.

Radio: Bilateral shell, near Galactic Centre.
X-ray: Diffuse emission.

References:

Kassim & Frail 1996, MNRAS, 283, L51. VLA at 333 MHz (23″×42″), plus review of flux densities and other observations. ADS
LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 207. VLA at 333 MHz (30″). ADS
also see: LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 3145. Erratum. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (30″). ADS
Ponti et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 172. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Ajello et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 44. Fermi observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Heywood et al. 2022, ApJ, 925, 165. MeerKAT at 1.28 GHz. ADS

Last updated: 8 Jan 2024

G0.9+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 47 21
Declination: −28 09
Size (/arcmin): 8
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 18?
Spectral Index: varies

Radio: Flat spectrum core within steep spectrum shell.
X-ray: Central core, with non-thermal spectrum.
Point sources: Central pulsar.

References:

Helfand & Becker 1987, ApJ, 314, 203. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz, and Einstein observations. ADS
Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 835. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×91″). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Mereghetti et al. 1998, A&A, 331, L77. X-ray detection. ADS
LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 207. VLA at 333 MHz (24″×43″). ADS
also see: LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 3145. Erratum. ADS
Sidoli et al. 2000, A&A, 361, 719. BeppoSAX observations. ADS
Gaensler et al. 2001, ApJ, 556, L107. Chandra observations. ADS
Porquet et al. 2003, A&A, 401, 197. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (8.″6×11.″3). ADS
Aharonian et al. 2005, A&A, 432, L25. H.E.S.S. detection. ADS
Dubner et al. 2008, A&A, 487, 1033. ATCA and VLA at 1.4 GHz (1.″2×2.″5: S=8.3±0.7 Jy), 5 GHz (1.″6×2.″5) and 8.3 GHz (0.″8×1.″5). ADS
Camilo et al. 2009, ApJ, 700, L34. Pulsar detection. ADS
Holler et al. 2012, A&A, 539, A24. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Ponti et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 172. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Archer et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 129. γ-ray observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A1. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=2.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Adams et al. 2021, ApJ, 913, 115. High energy γ-ray observations. ADS
Heywood et al. 2022, ApJ, 925, 165. MeerKAT at 1.28 GHz (4″). ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G1.0−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 48 30
Declination: −28 09
Size (/arcmin): 8
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 15
Spectral Index: 0.6?

Notes: Has been called G1.05−0.1 and G1.05−0.15.

Radio: Incomplete shell, to the S of Sgr D.
X-ray: Possibly detected.

References:

Downes et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 1. Review of flux densities. ADS
Anantharamaiah et al. 1991, MNRAS, 249, 262. VLA at 330 MHz (64″×100″: S=12.3 Jy). ADS
Liszt 1992, ApJS, 82, 495. VLA at 1.6 GHz (13″×23″). ADS
Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 835. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×91″). ADS
Mehringer et al. 1998, ApJ, 493, 274. VLA at 1.6 GHz (15″×28″) and 5 GHz, including masers observations. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 1999, ApJ, 527, 172. VLA of nearby OH masers. ADS
LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 207. VLA at 333 MHz (24″×43″). ADS
also see: LaRosa et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 3145. Erratum. ADS
Sidoli et al. 2001, A&A, 372, 651. BeppoSAX possible detection. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (30″). ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Nobukawa et al. 2009, AdSpR, 43, 1045. Suzaku observations. ADS
Marquez-Lugo & Phillips 2010, MNRAS, 407, 94. Mid-IR observations. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Ponti et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 172. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Ogbodo et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 199. OH maser observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G1.4−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 49 39
Declination: −27 46
Size (/arcmin): 10
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2?
Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Shell, brightest in E.
X-ray: Diffuse emission.

References:

Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 847. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×92″: S=2 Jy). ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 1999, ApJ, 527, 172. VLA of nearby OH masers. ADS
Bhatnagar 2002, MNRAS, 332, 1. GMRT at 327 MHz (2.′4×2.′7: S=4.2±0.5). ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (8.″2×12.″2). ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA observations of methanol masers. ADS
Ponti et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 172. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
McEwen et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 189. NH₃ and CH₃OH observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G1.9+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 48 45
Declination: −27 10
Size (/arcmin): 1.5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.6
Spectral Index: 0.6

Radio: Shell, brighter to the N, brightening; shows secular increase.
X-ray: Shell, with bright limbs to E and W.
Distance: HI absorption gives <10 kpc.

References:

Green & Gull 1984, Nature, 312, 527. VLA at 5 GHz (2″×4.″4). ADS
Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 835. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×94″). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (8.″3×12″). ADS
Nord et al. 2004, AJ, 128, 1646. VLA at 330 MHz (7″×12″). ADS
Green 2004, BASI, 32, 335. VLA at 1.5 GHz (7.″2×9.″4). ADS
Reynolds et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, L41. Chandra observations. ADS
Green et al. 2008, MNRAS, 387, L54. VLA at 4.86 GHz (4″×10″), for expansion studies. ADS
Murphy et al. 2008, MNRAS, 389, L23. MOST at 843 MHz for flux increase. ADS
Gómez & Rodríguez 2009, RMxAA, 45, 91. VLA at 1.5 GHz (5.″1×10.″6). ADS
Reynolds et al. 2009, ApJ, 695, L149. Chandra spectroscopy. ADS
Borkowski et al. 2010, ApJ, 724, L161. Chandra observations. ADS
Carlton et al. 2011, ApJ, 737, L22. Chandra expansion studies. ADS
Borkowski et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, L9. Chandra observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abramowski et al. 2014, MNRAS, 441, 790. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Borkowski et al. 2014, ApJ, 790, L18. Chandra expansion studies. ADS
Roy & Pal 2014, IAUS, 296, 197. GMRT HI observations. ADS
De Horta et al. 2014, SerAJ, 189, 41. ATCA at 1.4 (5.″4×10.″4), 2.4 (2.″9×6.″1) and 5 GHz (1.″2×2.″8). ADS
Gök & Ergin 2015, AdSpR, 56, 1793. Suzaku and Fermi observations. ADS
Zoglauer et al. 2015, ApJ, 798, 98. NuSTAR observations. ADS
Borkowski et al. 2017, ApJ, 837, L7. Chandra expansion studies. ADS
Luken et al. 2020, MNRAS, 492, 2606. ATCA at various frequencies and epochs, including polarisation, for expansion study. ADS
Weinberger et al. 2020, A&A, 638, A83. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Enokiya et al. 2023, PASJ, 75, 970. CO observations of vicinity. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G3.1−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 55 30
Declination: −26 35
Size (/arcmin): 52×28
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5
Spectral Index: 0.9?

Radio: Elongated shell.

References:

Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 847. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×96″: S=6.5 Jy). ADS
Roy & Pramesh Rao 2002, MNRAS, 329, 775. GMRT at 330 MHz (25″×37″). ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G3.7−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 55 26
Declination: −25 50
Size (/arcmin): 14×11
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.3
Spectral Index: 0.65

Notes: Has been called G003.8−00.3.

Radio: Double arc.

References:

Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 847. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×99″: S=2.4 Jy). ADS
Gaensler 1998, ApJ, 493, 781. VLA at 1.4 GHz (9″×15″: S=1.7±0.1 Jy). ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2004, ApJS, 155, 421. VLA at 1.4 GHz (8.″4×11.″4). ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G3.8+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 52 55
Declination: −25 28
Size (/arcmin): 18
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3?
Spectral Index: 0.6

Radio: Incomplete shell.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.1 kpc.

References:

Gray 1994, MNRAS, 270, 847. MOST at 843 MHz (43″×100″: S=3.5 Jy). ADS
Bhatnagar 2002, MNRAS, 332, 1. GMRT at 327 MHz (17″×27″: S=6.0±0.4). ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G4.2−3.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 08 55
Declination: −27 03
Size (/arcmin): 28
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.2?
Spectral Index: 0.6?

Radio: Elongated shell.
Optical: Detected.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS

Last updated: 25 Apr 2014

G4.5+6.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kepler, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext SN1604, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext 3C358 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 30 42
Declination: −21 29
Size (/arcmin): 3
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 19
Spectral Index: 0.64

Notes: This is the remnant of Kepler′s SN of AD1604.

Radio: Incomplete shell, brighter to the N.
Optical: Faint filaments.
X-ray: Shell, brighter to the N.
Distance: Optical expansion and proper motion indicates about 2.9 kpc, HI observations suggest 3.4 to 6.4 kpc.

References:

van den Bergh & Kamper 1977, ApJ, 218, 617. Optical proper motions. ADS
Leibowitz & Danziger 1983, MNRAS, 204, 273. Optical spectra. ADS
White & Long 1983, ApJ, 264, 196. Einstein observations. ADS
Matsui et al. 1984, ApJ, 287, 295. VLA at 1.4 (2.″5×3.″2) and 5 GHz (3.″2×4.″8) and Einstein image (5″). ADS
Dickel et al. 1988, ApJ, 330, 254. VLA at 1.4 (1.″2×2.″3) and 5 GHz (0.″6×1.″0) at two epochs. ADS
Smith et al. 1989, ApJ, 347, 925. EXOSAT observations. ADS
Hatsukade et al. 1990, PASJ, 42, 279. X-ray spectrum. ADS
Blair et al. 1991, ApJ, 366, 484. Optical imaging and spectroscopy. ADS
Bandiera & van den Bergh 1991, ApJ, 374, 186. Optical changes. ADS
van den Bergh & Pritchet 1991, PASP, 103, 194. Optical imaging. ADS
Predehl & Schmitt 1995, A&A, 293, 889. ROSAT of dust scattered halo. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Hughes 1999, ApJ, 527, 298. ROSAT and Einstein image comparison for expansion studies. ADS
Reynoso & Goss 1999, AJ, 118, 926. VLA at 1.4 GHz (13″×23″) for HI studies. ADS
Kinugasa & Tsunemi 1999, PASJ, 51, 239. ASCA observations. ADS
Gerardy & Fesen 2001, AJ, 121, 2781. IR spectroscopy and imaging. ADS
DeLaney et al. 2002, ApJ, 580, 914. VLA at 1.3 to 1.5 GHz and 5 GHz (7.″2) for spectral index studies. ADS
Morgan et al. 2003, ApJ, 597, L33. Sub-mm dust observations. ADS
Sollerman et al. 2003, A&A, 407, 249. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
Cassam-Chenaï et al. 2004, A&A, 414, 545. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Bamba et al. 2005, ApJ, 621, 793. Chandra observations of rim. ADS
Riesgo & López 2005, RMxAA, 41, 57. Optical observations of filament (previously classified as PN, H 2-12). ADS
Blair et al. 2007, ApJ, 662, 998. Spitzer observations. ADS
Reynolds et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, L135. Chandra observations. ADS
Sankrit et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 538. HST observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2008, A&A, 488, 219. H.E.S.S. upper limit. ADS
Enomoto et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 383. γ-ray upper limit. ADS
Katsuda et al. 2008, ApJ, 689, 225. Chandra proper motion studies. ADS
Vink et al. 2008, ApJ, 689, 231. Chandra proper motion studies. ADS
Gomez et al. 2012, MNRAS, 420, 3557. Herschel IR dust observations. ADS
Williams et al. 2012, ApJ, 755, 3. Spitzer spectroscopy. ADS
Burkey et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 63. Chandra observations. ADS
Yang et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 44. Suzaku spectroscopy. ADS
Park et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, L10. Suzaku observations. ADS
Katsuda et al. 2015, ApJ, 808, 49. XMM-Newton, Chandra and Suzaku observations. ADS
Sankrit et al. 2016, ApJ, 817, 36. HST for proper motion studies. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Sato & Hughes 2017, ApJ, 845, 167. Chandra expansion studies. ADS
Kasuga et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, 88. Chandra observations. ADS
Sun & Chen 2019, ApJ, 872, 45. Chandra observations. ADS
Weinberger et al. 2020, A&A, 638, A83. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
Sato et al. 2020, ApJ, 890, 104. Chandra observations. ADS
Millard et al. 2020, ApJ, 893, 98. Chandra spectroscopy. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Xiang & Jiang 2021, ApJ, 908, 22. Fermi observations. ADS
Kasuga et al. 2021, ApJ, 915, 42. XMM-Newton spectroscopy. ADS
Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
Nagayoshi et al. 2021, PASJ, 73, 302. Suzaku observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2022, A&A, 660, A129. Fermi observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Aharonian et al. 2022, A&A, 662, A65. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Coffin et al. 2022, ApJ, 926, 84. Chandra proper motion study. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G4.8+6.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 33 25
Declination: −21 34
Size (/arcmin): 18
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G4.5+6.2.

Radio: Faint shell.

References:

Duncan et al. 1995, MNRAS, 277, 36. Parkes 64-m at 2.4-GHz (10.′4). ADS
Duncan et al. 1997, MNRAS, 287, 722. Parkes 64-m at 2.4 GHz (11′: S=1.3±0.2 Jy). ADS
Bhatnagar 2000, MNRAS, 317, 453. GMRT at 327 MHz (1.′3×2.′2: S=5.5±1.2 Jy), and NVSS at 1.4 GHz. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2023

G5.2−2.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 07 30
Declination: −25 45
Size (/arcmin): 18
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.6?
Spectral Index: 0.6?

Radio: Poorly resolved shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS

Last updated: 25 Apr 2014

G5.4−1.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Milne 56 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 02 10
Declination: −24 54
Size (/arcmin): 35
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 35?
Spectral Index: 0.2?

Notes: Part been called G5.3−1.0. Has been suggested that this is not a SNR.

Radio: Incomplete shell, including wide ‘v’ of emission to E with small flat-spectrum source at apex.
Optical: Detected.
X-ray: Pulsar detected, with faint extension.
Point sources: Pulsar nearby, in flat spectrum source.
Distance: HI absorption suggests >4.3 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.9 kpc.

References:

Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 75. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=38 Jy). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′). ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=21.9±2.4 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Zealey et al. 1979, A&AS, 38, 39. Optical detection. ADS
Becker & Helfand 1985, Nature, 313, 115. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz. ADS
Helfand & Becker 1985, Nature, 313, 118. Suggesting it is not a SNR. ADS
Manchester et al. 1985, MNRAS, 212, 975. Pulsar detection. ADS
Caswell et al. 1987, MNRAS, 225, 329. MOST at 843 MHz (42″×110″). ADS
Frail & Kulkarni 1991, Nature, 352, 785. Pulsar and remnant association. ADS
Manchester et al. 1991, MNRAS, 253, 7P. Pulsar and remnant association. ADS
Milne et al. 1992, MNRAS, 255, 707. Parkes 64-m at 4.75 (4.′5: S=30.8±2.1 Jy) and 8.4 GHz (3′: S=24±3 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′0×4.′9: S=38 Jy). ADS
Frail et al. 1994, AJ, 107, 1120. VLA at 327 MHz (68″×73″), plus HI absorption. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Gaensler & Frail 2000, Nature, 406, 158. Pulsar observations, including proper motion. ADS
Kaspi et al. 2001, ApJ, 562, L163. X-ray detection of pulsar, and upper limit for remnant. ADS
Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 10.6 GHz, including polarisation. ADS
Blazek et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1523. Proper motion study of pulsar. ADS
Zeiger et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 271. Proper motion study of pulsar. ADS
Liszt et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 1331. CO and IR observations of region. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser detection. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G5.5+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 57 04
Declination: −24 00
Size (/arcmin): 15×12
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.5
Spectral Index: 0.7

Notes: Has been called G5.55+0.32.

Radio: Shell.
Optical: Detected.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=14.3±0.3 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Liszt et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 1331. CO and IR observations of region. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS

Last updated: 11 May 2017

G5.9+3.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 47 20
Declination: −22 16
Size (/arcmin): 20
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.3?
Spectral Index: 0.4?

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Onić et al. 2019, A&A, 625, A93. MWA at 72 and 231 MHz. ADS

Last updated: 9 Dec 2022

G6.1+0.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 57 29
Declination: −23 25
Size (/arcmin): 18×12
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4.5
Spectral Index: 0.9

Notes: Has been called G6.10+0.53. Identification as SNR has been questioned.

Radio: Partial shell.
Optical: Detected.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=13.4±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 18 Mar 2024

G6.1+1.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 54 55
Declination: −23 05
Size (/arcmin): 30×26
Type: F
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4.0?
Spectral Index: 0.3?

Notes: Has been called G6.1+1.15.

Radio: Faint, diffuse emission.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.3 or 3.7 kpc.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G6.4−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W28 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 00 30
Declination: −23 26
Size (/arcmin): 48
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 310
Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Has been called G6.6−0.2.

Radio: Several non-thermal sources in a ring, with flat spectrum core.
Optical: Diffuse emission.
X-ray: Diffuse emission from most of the remnant.
Point sources: Young pulsar near edge of remnant, but not thought to be related.
Distance: HI observations suggest 1.9 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.6 kpc.

References:

Kundu & Velusamy 1972, A&A, 20, 237. NRAO 140-ft at 10 GHz (3′). ADS
van den Bergh et al. 1973, ApJS, 26, 19. Optical observations. ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Lozinskaya 1981, SvAL, 7, 17. Mean optical velocity. ADS
Andrews et al. 1983, ApJ, 266, 684. VLA at 1.4 GHz (8″) 4.9 GHz (3″) and 15 GHz (1″) of central region only, plus Einstein image of central region. ADS
Bohigas et al. 1983, RMxAA, 8, 155. Optical spectra. ADS
Andrews et al. 1985, AJ, 90, 310. VLA of central component. ADS
Long et al. 1991, ApJ, 373, 567. Einstein and optical observations. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′1×4.′4: S=660 Jy). ADS
Kaspi et al. 1993, ApJ, 409, L57. Pulsar association. ADS
Frail et al. 1993, Nature, 365, 136. VLA at 327 MHz (smoothed to 65″), plus pulsar association. ADS
Frail et al. 1994, ApJ, 424, L111. VLA of associated OH masers. ADS
Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH maser emission. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Claussen et al. 1997, ApJ, 489, 143. VLA of OH masers. ADS
Claussen et al. 1999, ApJ, 522, 349. High resolution observations of OH masers. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2000, ApJ, 540, 842. VLA at 327 MHz (2.′6×5.′5) and 1.48 GHz (40″×65″). ADS
Dubner et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 1933. VLA at 328 MHz (52″×97″: S=425±40 Jy) and 1415 MHz (48″×88″: S=246±20 Jy), and comparison with other observations. ADS
Reach & Rho 2000, ApJ, 544, 843. ISO observations of interactions with surroundings. ADS
also see: Reach & Rho 2001, ApJ, 558, 943. Erratum. ADS
Douvion et al. 2001, A&A, 373, 281. ISO observations. ADS
Roberts et al. 2001, ApJS, 133, 451. ASCA observations. ADS
Velázquez et al. 2002, AJ, 124, 2145. Parkes 64-m at 1.4 GHz (15′) for HI. ADS
Rho & Borkowski 2002, ApJ, 575, 201. ROSAT and ASCA observations. ADS
Claussen et al. 2002, ApJ, 580, 909. Observations of nearby source. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2003, ApJ, 583, 267. OH observations. ADS
Caswell 2004, MNRAS, 349, 99. ATCA at 1.7 GHz of associated OH masers. ADS
Mavromatakis et al. 2004, A&A, 426, 567. Optical observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2005, ApJ, 618, 297. Molecular lines and near IR observations. ADS
Hoffman et al. 2005, ApJ, 620, 257. OH maser observations. ADS
Kawasaki et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 935. ASCA observations. ADS
Neufeld et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 890. Spitzer observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 401. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Giuliani et al. 2010, A&A, 516, L11. γ-ray observations. ADS
Marquez-Lugo & Phillips 2010, MNRAS, 407, 94. Mid-IR observations. ADS
Abdo et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 348. Fermi observations. ADS
Yuan & Neufeld 2011, ApJ, 726, 76. Spitzer observations. ADS
Nichols et al. 2012, MNRAS, 419, 251. CO observations of selected regions. ADS
Gusdorf et al. 2012, A&A, 542, L19. CO observations of regions in NE. ADS
Vaupreé et al. 2014, A&A, 568, A50. CO, HCO⁺ and DCO⁺ molecular line observations. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA observations of methanol masers. ADS
Neufeld et al. 2014, ApJ, 781, 102. Herschel and Spitzer IR spectroscopy. ADS
Hanabata et al. 2014, ApJ, 786, 145. Fermi observations of region. ADS
Zhou et al. 2014, ApJ, 791, 87. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Gusdorf et al. 2014, IAUS, 296, 178. CO observations. ADS
Nakamura et al. 2014, PASJ, 66, 62. XMM-Newton observations of NE. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Maxted et al. 2016, MNRAS, 462, 532. NH₃ observations of region. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Pannuti et al. 2017, ApJ, 839, 59. Optical and X-ray observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A1. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Okon et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, 35. Suzaku observations. ADS
Nobukawa et al. 2018, ApJ, 854, 87. Suzaku observations. ADS
Cui et al. 2018, ApJ, 860, 69. Fermi observations. ADS
Ruiz-Lapuente et al. 2018, ApJ, 862, 124. HST search for progenitor companion. ADS
Ogbodo et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 199. OH maser observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Qiao et al. 2020, ApJS, 247, 5. ATCA of OH masers. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
Mazumdar et al. 2022, A&A, 668, A180. Molecular line observations. ADS
Sapienza et al. 2022, ApJ, 935, 152. NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Indriolo 2023, ApJ, 950, 64. IR absorption observations. ADS
Holland-Ashford et al. 2023, ApJ, 955, 77. Suzaku observations. ADS
Himono et al. 2023, PASJ, 75, 373. Suzaku observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G6.4+4.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 45 10
Declination: −21 22
Size (/arcmin): 31
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.3?
Spectral Index: 0.4?

Radio: Faint asymmetric shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS

Last updated: 25 Apr 2014

G6.5−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 02 11
Declination: −23 34
Size (/arcmin): 18
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 27
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G6.51−0.48, and part has been called G6.67−0.42.

Radio: Shell, overlapping G6.4−0.1.
Optical: Detected.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.7 kpc.

References:

Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2000, ApJ, 540, 842. VLA at 330 MHz (2.′6×5.′5) and 1.4 GHz (0.′7×1.′1). ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=60.8±0.4 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Ajello et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 44. Fermi observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G7.0−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 01 50
Declination: −22 54
Size (/arcmin): 15
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.5?
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Notes: Has been called G7.06−0.12.

Radio: Double rim, brightest in W, confused by bright HII region M20 in SE.

References:

Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2000, ApJ, 540, 842. VLA at 327 MHz (2.′6×5.′5) and 1.48 GHz (40″×65″). ADS
Dubner et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 1933. VLA at 328 MHz (52″×97″) and 1415 MHz (48″×88″). ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G7.2+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 01 07
Declination: −22 38
Size (/arcmin): 12
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.8
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G7.20+0.20.

Radio: Partial shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=5.2±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G7.5−1.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 10 00
Declination: −23 10
Size (/arcmin): 100
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 18?
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Radio: Irregular shell.
Point sources: Pulsar within boundary.

References:

Roberts & Brogan 2008, ApJ, 681, 320. VLA at 327 MHz (2.′0×2.′6) plus IR and other observations. ADS
Van Etten et al. 2012, ApJ, 755, 151. Pulsar proper motion, away from centre. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G7.7−3.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

1814−24 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 17 25
Declination: −24 04
Size (/arcmin): 22
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 11
Spectral Index: 0.32

Notes: Has been associated with the SN of AD386.

Radio: Shell, with high polarisation.
Optical: Faint filaments in S.
X-ray: Arc in S.

References:

Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Milne et al. 1986, MNRAS, 223, 487. MOST at 843 MHz (44″×108″) and Parkes 64-m at 8.4 GHz (3′: S=4.6±0.5 Jy), with polarisation, plus review of flux densities. ADS
Dubner et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1304. VLA at 1.4 GHz (35″×70″: S=9.9±0.1 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Zhou et al. 2018, ApJ, 865, L6. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Domček et al. 2023, MNRAS, 526, 1112. Optical observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G8.7−5.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 24 10
Declination: −23 48
Size (/arcmin): 26
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4.4
Spectral Index: 0.3

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
de Wilt et al. 2017, MNRAS, 468, 2093. Molecular line observations of region. ADS
Feijen et al. 2020, PASA, 37, 56. CO and HI observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G8.7−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

(W30) ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 05 30
Declination: −21 26
Size (/arcmin): 45
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 80
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G8.6−0.1.

Radio: Clumpy non-thermal shell, with low-frequency turnover.
X-ray: Northern edge detected.
Point sources: Pulsar inside W edge.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.2 kpc.

References:

Odegard 1986, AJ, 92, 1372. TPT at 57.5 MHz (7.′2×9.′7: S=190±50 Jy). ADS
Kassim & Weiler 1990, Nature, 343, 146. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′0×3.′7). ADS
Kassim & Weiler 1990, ApJ, 360, 184. VLA at 327 MHz (2.′8×4.′1: S=129±11 Jy), and part at 1.4 GHz (0.′9×1.′8), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Frail et al. 1994, AJ, 107, 1120. VLA at 327 MHz (37″×55″). ADS
Finley & Ögelman 1994, ApJ, 434, L25. ROSAT observations, including pulsar. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2005, Science, 307, 1938. H.E.S.S. detection. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2006, ApJ, 636, 777. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Landi et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 190. X-ray observations. ADS
Briskin et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 554. Pulsar proper motion. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser detection. ADS
Castro & Slane 2010, ApJ, 717, 372. Fermi observations. ADS
Ajello et al. 2012, ApJ, 744, 80. Fermi observations. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G8.9+0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 03 58
Declination: −21 03
Size (/arcmin): 24
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G8.90+0.40.

Radio: Shell.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.5 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=18.2±0.5 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G9.7−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 07 22
Declination: −20 35
Size (/arcmin): 15×11
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.7
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G9.7−0.1, G9.70−0.06 and G9.7+0.0.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Frail et al. 1994, AJ, 107, 1120. VLA at 327 MHz. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=6.5±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser detection. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Yeung et al. 2016, ApJ, 827, 41. Fermi observations. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 4 Jan 2024

G9.8+0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 05 08
Declination: −20 14
Size (/arcmin): 12
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.9
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

References:

Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Caswell 1983, MNRAS, 204, 833. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=5.8±0.6 Jy). ADS
Dubner et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 2251. VLA at 1.47 GHz (41″×63″: S=3.5±0.4 Jy). ADS
Frail et al. 1994, AJ, 107, 1120. VLA at 327 MHz. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G9.9−0.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 10 41
Declination: −20 43
Size (/arcmin): 12
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6.7
Spectral Index: 0.4

Notes: Has been called G9.95−0.81.

Radio: Shell.
Optical: Detected.
Distance: H₂ emission suggests 3.8 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=11.0±0.3 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G11.0−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 10 04
Declination: −19 25
Size (/arcmin): 11×9
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.3
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G11.0+0.0, G11.03−0.05 and G11.00−0.05.

Radio: Partial shell.
X-ray: Diffuse emission.
Distance: Optical absorption suggests 2.4 kpc.

References:

Bamba et al. 2003, ApJ, 589, 253. ASCA observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 355. VLA at 330 MHz (25″), 1.5 GHz (25″), and 74 MHz. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=3.1±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2016, A&A, 587, A71. VLA at 1.4 GHz (4.″4×8.″3) and CO observations of region. ADS
Araya et al. 2018, ApJ, 859, 69. Fermi observations. ADS
Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G11.1−0.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 12 46
Declination: −19 38
Size (/arcmin): 11×7
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.0
Spectral Index: 0.7

Notes: Has been called G11.15−0.71.

Radio: Partial shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 355. VLA at 330 MHz (25″), 1.5 GHz (25″), and 74 MHz. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=2.3±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G11.1+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 09 47
Declination: −19 12
Size (/arcmin): 12×10
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.3
Spectral Index: 0.4

Notes: Has been called G11.18+0.11.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 355. VLA at 330 MHz (25″), 1.5 GHz (25″), and 74 MHz. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=3.5±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2016, A&A, 587, A71. VLA at 1.4 GHz (4.″4×8.″3) and CO observations of region. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G11.2−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 11 27
Declination: −19 25
Size (/arcmin): 4
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 22
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Probably associated with the SN of AD386.

Radio: Symmetrical clumpy shell, with flatter spectrum core.
X-ray: Shell, with hard spectrum centrally brightened region around pulsar.
Point sources: Central pulsar.
Distance: HI absorption indicates 4.4 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 4.7 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Radhakrishnan et al. 1972, ApJS, 24, 49. HI absorption. ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Downes 1984, MNRAS, 210, 845. VLA at 1465 MHz (20″×25″) and Einstein observations, with review of flux densities. ADS
Becker et al. 1985, ApJ, 296, 461. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz, plus HI absorption, Einstein observations. ADS
Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 71, 189. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (26.″5: S=4.04±0.24 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1988, MNRAS, 231, 735. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′2×4.′1: S=39 Jy). ADS
Reynolds et al. 1994, MNRAS, 271, L1. ROSAT image and spectra. ADS
Vasisht et al. 1996, ApJ, 456, L59. ASCA observations. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Torii et al. 1997, ApJ, 489, L145. ASCA detection of pulsar. ADS
Torii et al. 1999, ApJ, 523, L69. X-ray timing observations of pulsar. ADS
Kothes & Reich 2001, A&A, 372, 627. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.25, 10.45, 14.9 and 32 GHz (2.′5, 1.′1, 0.′86 and 0.′45: S=9.6±0.5, 6.3±0.4, 5.7±0.4 and 3.8±0.4). ADS
Kaspi et al. 2001, ApJ, 560, 371. Chandra observations. ADS
Tam et al. 2002, ApJ, 572, 202. VLA at 1.4/1.5 GHz (1.″8×2.″6: S=16.6±0.9 Jy) and 5 GHz (1.″5×2.″1: S=8.4±0.9 Jy) for spectral studies. ADS
Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 14.7 GHz. ADS
Roberts et al. 2003, ApJ, 588, 992. Chandra observations. ADS
Tam & Roberts 2003, ApJ, 598, L27. Multi-epoch VLA observations at 1.4/1.5 GHz and 5 GHz, for expansion studies. ADS
Brogan et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 355. VLA at 330 MHz (25″), 1.5 GHz (25″), and 74 MHz. ADS
Bock & Gaensler 2005, ApJ, 626, 343. BIMA at 88.6 GHz (18″). ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Kaplan & Moon 2006, ApJ, 644, 1056. IR upper limit for pulsar. ADS
Koo et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, 308. IR observations. ADS
Dean et al. 2008, MNRAS, 384, L29. INTEGRAL observations of pulsar and nebula. ADS
Moon et al. 2009, ApJ, 703, L81. IR spectroscopy. ADS
Mizuno et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1542. Spitzer observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=9.0±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Andersen et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 7. Spitzer observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 143. IR observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Borkowski et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, 160. Chandra observations. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Madsen et al. 2020, ApJ, 889, 23. NuSTAR observations. ADS
Guest & Safi-Harb 2020, MNRAS, 498, 821. Chandra observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.9 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Zheng et al. 2023, RAA, 23, 115007. NuSTAR and Chandra observations of pulsar. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G11.4−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 10 47
Declination: −19 05
Size (/arcmin): 8
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Incomplete shell, possibly with central core.

References:

Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 1. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=9.4 Jy) contaminated by sidelobes of a nearby source, and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=2.8 Jy). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=2.0±0.4 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′2×4.′1: S=18 Jy). ADS
Dubner et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 2251. VLA at 1.47 GHz (44″×63″: S=5.1±0.6 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2004, AJ, 127, 355. VLA at 330 MHz (25″), 1.5 GHz (25″), and 74 MHz. ADS
Rangelov et al. 2014, ApJ, 796, 34. X-ray upper limit. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2016, A&A, 587, A71. VLA at 1.4 GHz (4.″4×8.″3) and CO observations of region. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G11.8−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 12 25
Declination: −18 44
Size (/arcmin): 4
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.7
Spectral Index: 0.3

Notes: Has been called G11.89−0.21.

Radio: Shell.
X-ray: Possibly detected.

References:

Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=0.9±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G12.0−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 12 11
Declination: −18 37
Size (/arcmin): 7?
Type: ?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.5
Spectral Index: 0.7

Radio: Incomplete shell, defined in E only.
X-ray: Detected, including possible PWN.

References:

Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 1. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=6.6 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=1.1 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′2×4.′1). ADS
Dubner et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 2251. VLA at 1.47 GHz (41″×61″: S=0.7 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Yamauchi et al. 2014, PASJ, 66, 20. Suzaku observations of possible PWN. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G12.2+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 11 17
Declination: −18 10
Size (/arcmin): 6×5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.8
Spectral Index: 0.7

Notes: Has been called G12.26+0.30.

Radio: Partial shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=1.5±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G12.5+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 12 14
Declination: −17 55
Size (/arcmin): 6×5
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.6
Spectral Index: 0.4

Notes: Has been called G12.58+0.22.

Radio: Diffuse, central brightened.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=0.8±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.02 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G12.7−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 13 19
Declination: −17 54
Size (/arcmin): 6
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.8
Spectral Index: 0.8

Notes: Has been called G12.72−0.00.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=2.0±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.04 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G12.8−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 13 37
Declination: −17 49
Size (/arcmin): 3
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.8
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G12.7+0.0, G12.82−0.02, G12.83−0.02.

Radio: Shell.
X-ray: Diffuse.
Point sources: Central X-ray pulsar.

References:

Brogan et al. 2005, ApJ, 629, L105. VLA at 330 MHz (19″×32″), plus other observations. ADS
Ubertini et al. 2005, ApJ, 629, L109. INTEGRAL and other observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2006, ApJ, 636, 777. H.E.S.S. detection. ADS
Albert et al. 2006, ApJ, 637, L41. γ-ray observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=1.2±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Landi et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 190. X-ray observations. ADS
Funk et al. 2007, A&A, 470, 249. XMM-Newton observations, CO observations of surroundings. ADS
Helfand et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 1297. Chandra observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Gotthelf & Halpern 2009, ApJ, 700, L158. Pulsar detection. ADS
Halpern et al. 2012, ApJ, 753, L14. Pulsar observations. ADS
Araya et al. 2018, ApJ, 859, 69. Fermi observations. ADS
Dzib et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 100. VLA of central source. ADS
Ho et al. 2020, MNRAS, 498, 4396. Chandra and other X-ray observations, for proper motions of pulsar. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Camilo et al. 2021, ApJ, 917, 67. Radio detection of pulsar. ADS
Dzib & Rodríguez 2021, ApJ, 923, 228. Pulsar proper motion. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G13.1−0.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 16 00
Declination: −17 49
Size (/arcmin): 38×28
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 11?
Spectral Index: 0.6?

Notes:

Radio: Faint shell.

References:

Gorham 1990, ApJ, 364, 187. Clark lake 30.9 MHz observations. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G13.3−1.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 19 20
Declination: −18 00
Size (/arcmin): 70×40
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Amorphous emission.
Optical: Filaments in S.
X-ray: Elongated emission.
Distance: Absorption indicates 2–4 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.8 kpc.

References:

Seward et al. 1995, ApJ, 449, 681. ROSAT detection, optical studies and observations of CO. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA search for OH emission. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G13.5+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 14 14
Declination: −17 12
Size (/arcmin): 5×4
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.5?
Spectral Index: 1.0?

Notes: Has been called G13.46+0.16.

Radio: Elongated, incomplete shell.
Distance: H₂ emission suggests 12.4 kpc.

References:

Helfand et al. 1989, ApJ, 341, 151. VLA at 5 GHz (S=0.65±0.05 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (15″: S=2.67±0.5 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.4 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G14.1−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 16 40
Declination: −16 41
Size (/arcmin): 6×5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G14.18−0.12.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=0.9±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G15.1−1.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 24 00
Declination: −16 34
Size (/arcmin): 30×24
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.5?
Spectral Index: 0.0?

Radio: Elongated, incomplete shell.
Optical: Diffuse shell.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 2.9 kpc.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Boumis et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 705. Optical detection. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=4.8±0.3 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G15.4+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 18 02
Declination: −15 27
Size (/arcmin): 15×14
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.6
Spectral Index: 0.62

Notes: Has been called G15.42+0.18.

Radio: Shell.
X-ray: Centrally brightened.
Distance: HI observations suggest 4.8 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=10.9±0.3 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=2.1±0.2 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2013, A&A, 557, L15. GMRT at 1.4 GHz (15″) plus SGPS HI and CO observations of region. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abramowski et al. 2014, A&A, 562, A40. H.E.S.S. and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Supan et al. 2015, A&A, 576, A81. GMRT at 624 MHz (10″). ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A1. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Li et al. 2023, ApJ, 945, 21. Fermi observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G15.5−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 19 25
Declination: −15 32
Size (/arcmin): 9×8
Type: ?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.2?
Spectral Index: 0.55?

Notes: Has been called G15.51−0.15.

Radio: Poorly defined.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=4.2±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G15.9+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 18 52
Declination: −15 02
Size (/arcmin): 7×5
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.0
Spectral Index: 0.63

Radio: Incomplete shell, with bright concentration to the E.
X-ray: Shell, brighter to S and E.
Point sources: Central X-ray source.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 7 to 16 kpc.

References:

Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 1. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=7.7 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=1.9 Jy). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=1.1±0.2 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Caswell et al. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 1143. FIRST at 1415 MHz (44″×58″). ADS
Dubner et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1304. VLA at 330 MHz (61″×77″: S=11.2±1.0 Jy), 1.4 GHz (14″×23″: S=3.9±0.1 Jy) and 4.9 GHz (13″×16″). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Reynolds et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, L45. Chandra observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=2.0±0.3 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Klochov et al. 2016, A&A, 592, L12. Chandra observations. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Maggi & Acero 2017, A&A, 597, A65. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Sasaki et al. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 3033. Chandra and IR observations, plus Hα non-detection. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Tian et al. 2019, PASP, 131, 114301. HI absorption observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Mayer & Becker 2021, A&A, 651, A40. Multi-epoch Chandra observations for proper motion of compact source. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.6 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G16.0−0.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 21 56
Declination: −15 14
Size (/arcmin): 15×10
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.7
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G16.05−0.57.

Radio: Shell.
Distance: H₂ emission suggests 4.1 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=4.9±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Beaumont et al. 2011, ApJ, 741, 14. CO of region. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.05 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G16.2−2.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 29 40
Declination: −16 08
Size (/arcmin): 17
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.5
Spectral Index: 0.4

Radio: Double rim.

References:

Trushkin 1999, A&A, 352, L103. Review of radio observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=1.28±0.10 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G16.7+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 20 56
Declination: −14 20
Size (/arcmin): 4
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3.0
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G16.73+0.08.

Radio: Asymmetric shell with flat-spectrum core.
X-ray: Non-thermal core.
Distance: HI absorption suggests about 14 kpc.

References:

Helfand et al. 1989, ApJ, 341, 151. VLA at 5 GHz (5: S=0.95 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (15″: S=2.43 Jy) and Ooty at 327 MHz (S=5.13 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations, including masers. ADS
Reynoso & Mangum 2000, ApJ, 545, 874. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Helfand et al. 2003, ApJ, 592, 941. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Bock & Gaensler 2005, ApJ, 626, 343. BIMA at 88.6 GHz (19″×25″). ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Bhatnagar et al. 2011, ApJ, 739, L20. VLA at 6 GHz. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=1.23±0.11 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Chang et al. 2018, MNRAS, 474, 2607. Chandra observations. ADS
Tian et al. 2019, PASP, 131, 114301. HI absorption observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.7 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G17.0−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 21 57
Declination: −14 08
Size (/arcmin): 5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G17.0+0.0, G17.02−0.04.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=0.7±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G17.4−2.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 30 55
Declination: −14 52
Size (/arcmin): 24?
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Incomplete, poorly defined shell.
Optical: Filaments to SE, and diffuse emission.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Boumis et al. 2002, A&A, 385, 1042. Optical observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=2.3±0.2 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G17.4−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 23 08
Declination: −13 46
Size (/arcmin): 6
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.4
Spectral Index: 0.7

Notes: Has been called G17.48−0.12.

Radio: Partial shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=0.9±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.05 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G17.8−2.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 32 50
Declination: −14 39
Size (/arcmin): 24
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Well defined shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=2.23±0.13 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G17.8+16.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 17 24 10
Declination: −05 10
Size (/arcmin): 51×45
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.7
Spectral Index: 0.8

Radio: Faint diffuse emission.
Optical: Faint emission.

References:

Araya et al. 2022, MNRAS, 510, 2920. Radio, X-ray and γ-ray observations. ADS

Last updated: 19 Jul 2024

G18.1−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 24 34
Declination: −13 11
Size (/arcmin): 8
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4.6
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G18.1−0.2, G18.16−0.16 and G18.15−0.17.

Radio: Shell.
X-ray: Diffuse emission.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 6.4 kpc, H₂ emission suggests about 5.3 kpc.

References:

Odegard 1986, AJ, 92, 1372. TPT at 57.5 MHz (8′). ADS
Kassim et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 152. VLA at 330 MHz (2.′8×3.′2) and 1.5 GHz (0.′9×1.′5). ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=7.6±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Hewitt & Yusef-Zadeh 2009, ApJ, 694, L16. OH maser search. ADS
Paron et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 1619. CO, optical and other observations of region. ADS
Leahy et al. 2014, MNRAS, 438, 1813. VGPS HI observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Voison et al. 2016, MNRAS, 458, 2813. Molecular line observations of region. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2020, A&A, 644, A112. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Bykov et al. 2023, AstL, 49, 18. eROSITA observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2023, MNRAS, 525, 4540. CO observations of region, and survey observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G18.6−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 25 55
Declination: −12 50
Size (/arcmin): 6
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.4
Spectral Index: 0.4

Notes: Has been called G18.62−0.28.

Radio: Partial shell.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 4.4 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=1.9±0.1 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Voison et al. 2016, MNRAS, 458, 2813. Molecular line observations of region. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2020, A&A, 644, A112. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.4 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G18.8+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kes 67 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 23 58
Declination: −12 23
Size (/arcmin): 17×11
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 33
Spectral Index: 0.46

Notes: Has been called G18.9+0.3.

Radio: Incomplete shell, in complex region near the HII region W39.
Distance: Association with molecular cloud suggests 12 kpc, HI absorption suggests 13.8 kpc.

References:

Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=17±7 Jy). ADS
Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 75. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=38 Jy). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, A&A, 45, 239. Parkes HI absorption. ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Milne et al. 1989, PASA, 8, 187. Parkes 64-m at 8.4 GHz (3.′0: S=12.9±1.0 Jy), including polarisation. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (2.′9×3.′5: S=55 Jy). ADS
Dubner et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1304. VLA at 1.4 GHz (55″×75″: S=29.9±0.3 Jy). ADS
Dubner et al. 1999, AJ, 118, 930. Parkes 64-m at 1.6 GHz (15″) for HI, VLA at 1.6 GHz (12″×17″) for OH, plus CO observations. ADS
Dubner et al. 2004, A&A, 426, 201. CO observations of environment. ADS
Tian et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 541. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI, plus CO observations of region. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=15.3±0.9 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Vasquez et al. 2012, A&A, 545, A89. CO observations of region. ADS
Paron et al. 2012, A&A, 547, A60. CO and other molecular observations of region. ADS
Paron et al. 2015, A&A, 580, A51. CO observations in S. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=2.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G18.9−1.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 29 50
Declination: −12 58
Size (/arcmin): 33
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 37
Spectral Index: 0.39

Notes: Has been called G18.95−1.1 and G18.94−1.04.

Radio: Non-thermal, diffuse partially limb-brightened, with central ridge.
Optical: Detected.
X-ray: Partial shell.
Point sources: Compact X-ray source, with diffuse nebula.
Distance: Optical absorption suggests 1.8 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 4.7 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.1 kpc.

References:

Fürst et al. 1985, Nature, 314, 720. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=23.8 Jy), plus other flux densities. ADS
Odegard 1986, AJ, 92, 1372. TPT at 57.5 MHz (7.′2×8.′0: S=82±15 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Barnes & Turtle 1988, IAUCo, 101, 347. Molonglo at 408 MHz (2.′9×3.′1: S=58±9 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4.′1×4.′4: S=23±6 Jy). ADS
Patnaik et al. 1988, Nature, 332, 136. Ooty at 327 MHz (0.′6×1.′6). ADS
Fürst et al. 1989, A&A, 209, 361. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′45: S=23.8 Jy) and VLA at 1.5 and 4.9 GHz (14″×19″), and Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (9′) for HI. ADS
Aschenbach et al. 1991, A&A, 246, L32. ROSAT observations. ADS
Fürst et al. 1997, A&A, 319, 655. ROSAT observations, and Effelsberg 100-m at 10.6 GHz (1.′1). ADS
Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 10.6 GHz, including polarisation. ADS
Harrus et al. 2004, ApJ, 603, 152. ROSAT and ASCA observations. ADS
Tüllmann et al. 2010, ApJ, 720, 848. Chandra detection of compact source. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=19.6±1.0 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Bykov et al. 2022, A&A, 661, A19. eROSITA observations. ADS

Last updated: 4 Jan 2024

G19.1+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 24 56
Declination: −12 07
Size (/arcmin): 27
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 10
Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G19.15+0.27.

Radio: Partial shell.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.6 kpc.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=17.4±0.4 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G20.0−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 28 07
Declination: −11 35
Size (/arcmin): 10
Type: F
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 10
Spectral Index: 0.1

Radio: Faint, filled-centre, polarised.
X-ray: Centrally brightened.
Point sources: OH source 20.1−0.1 is nearby.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 11.2 kpc.

References:

Becker & Helfand 1985, ApJ, 297, L25. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz (12″). ADS
Odegard 1986, AJ, 92, 1372. TPT at 57.5 MHz (7.′2×8′: S=8.5±2 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=9.2±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Petriella et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A73. Chandra observations, plus CO and HI observations of region. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G21.0−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 31 12
Declination: −10 47
Size (/arcmin): 9×7
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.1
Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G21.04−0.47.

Radio: Shell.

References:

Brogan et al. 2006, ApJ, 639, L25. VLA at 330 MHz (42″: S=2.3±0.2 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.05 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G21.5−0.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 33 33
Declination: −10 35
Size (/arcmin): 5
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 7
Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Early observations relate to the central core only.

Radio: Filled-centre, with high frequency turnover.
X-ray: Central core, with extended, faint halo.
Point sources: Central pulsar.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 4.4 kpc.

References:

Wilson & Weiler 1976, A&A, 53, 89. WSRT at 5 GHz (6″×35″). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1976, ApJ, 204, 427. NRAO interferometer at 2.7 GHz (5″×20″) and 8 GHz (2″×7″), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Becker & Szymkowiak 1981, ApJ, 248, L23. VLA at 5 GHz (8″), and Einstein observations. ADS
Davelaar et al. 1986, ApJ, 300, L59. EXOSAT X-ray spectrum, and VLA HI observations. ADS
Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 69, 533. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (26.″5: S=5.64±0.29 Jy). ADS
Fürst et al. 1988, PASJ, 40, 347. NRO array at 22.3 GHz (4.″4×7.″3). ADS
Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
Salter et al. 1989, A&A, 225, 167. Observations at 90.7 (29.″5: S=3.8±0.4 Jy) and 141.9 GHz (S=2.5±1.2 Jy). ADS
Salter et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 171. NRAO 12-m at 84.2 GHz (S=3.94±0.70 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Asaoka & Koyama 1990, PASJ, 42, 625. Ginga X-ray spectrum. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′3×3.′4: S=9 Jy). ADS
Wallace et al. 1994, A&A, 286, 565. HI of surroundings. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Slane et al. 2000, ApJ, 533, L29. Chandra observations identifying X-ray halo. ADS
Warwick et al. 2001, A&A, 365, L248. XMM-Newton observations of X-ray halo. ADS
Bock et al. 2001, ApJ, 561, L203. BIMA at 94 GHz (4.″6×8.″6). ADS
Safi-Harb et al. 2001, ApJ, 561, 308. Chandra and other X-ray observations. ADS
Reich 2002, in NSPS, p1. Effelsberg 100-m at 22 GHz (8″) and 32 GHz, including polarisation. ADS
La Palombara & Mereghetti 2002, A&A, 383, 916. XMM-Newton upper limit on pulsations. ADS
Bocchino et al. 2005, A&A, 442, 539. XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. ADS
Gupta et al. 2005, CSci, 89, 853. Pulsar discovery. ADS
Camilo et al. 2006, ApJ, 637, 456. Pulsar discovery. ADS
Bietenholz & Bartel 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1411. VLA at 4.75 GHz (0.″53×0.″82) for expansion studies. ADS
Tian & Leahy 2008, MNRAS, 391, L54. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI. ADS
Matheson & Safi-Harb 2010, ApJ, 724, 572. Chandra observations. ADS
Bietenholz et al. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 1221. VLA at 1.4 GHz (14″×18″). ADS
Bhatnagar et al. 2011, ApJ, 739, L20. VLA at 6 GHz. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=6.5±0.4 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Zajczyk et al. 2012, A&A, 542, A12. IR observations, including polarisation. ADS
Nynka et al. 2014, ApJ, 789, 72. NuSTAR observations. ADS
Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 70, 100 and 143 GHz. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, 38. Hitomi observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Guest et al. 2019, MNRAS, 482, 1031. Deep Chandra observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Guest & Safi-Harb 2020, MNRAS, 498, 821. Chandra observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=5.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
Raycheva & Sezer 2022, AdSpR, 69, 531. Suzaku observations. ADS
Lai et al. 2022, ApJ, 930, 1. VLA at 5 (10.″2×12.″9) and 7.4 GHz (7.″0×9.″9), including polarisation. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G21.6−0.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 33 40
Declination: −10 25
Size (/arcmin): 13
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.4
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Notes: Has been called G21.64−0.84.

Radio: Faint, irregular shell.

References:

Bietenholz et al. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 1221. VLA at 327 MHz (85″: S=2.8 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (14″×18″). ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.03 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G21.8−3.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 41 50
Declination: −11 16
Size (/arcmin): 60
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5
Spectral Index: 0.7

Radio: Shell, polarised in E.
Optical: Filaments in N.

References:

Gao et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2188. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5), Effelsberg 100-m at 2.4 to 2.7 GHz (4.′7 to 4.′2) including polarisation, and other observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G21.8−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kes 69 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 32 45
Declination: −10 08
Size (/arcmin): 20
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 65
Spectral Index: 0.56

Radio: Incomplete shell.
X-ray: Centrally brightened.
Distance: Association with CO indicates 5.2 kpc, HI absorption suggests 5.6 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 4.1 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.9 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Wilson 1972, A&A, 19, 354. H₂CO absorption. ADS
Kundu et al. 1974, AJ, 79, 132. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6′) and 10 GHz (3′). ADS
Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft et 2.7 GHz (5′: S=42.3±4.6 Jy). ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Seward 1990, ApJS, 73, 781. Einstein observations. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′3×3.′5: S=132 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations, including masers. ADS
Yusef-Zadeh et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 319. X-ray observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Wood et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 2358. VLA at 4.8 GHz, including polarisation. ADS
Tian & Leahy 2008, MNRAS, 391, L54. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI. ADS
Zhou et al. 2009, ApJ, 691, 516. CO and HCO⁺ of region. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2009, ApJ, 694, 1266. Spitzer spectroscopy. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=24.0±1.3 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Andersen et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 7. Spitzer observations. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Sezer et al. 2018, MNRAS, 481, 1416. Suzaku observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS
Yamauchi & Pannuti 2023, PASJ, 75, 1273. Suzaku observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G22.7−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 33 15
Declination: −09 13
Size (/arcmin): 26
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 33
Spectral Index: 0.6

Radio: Non-thermal ring in complex region, overlapping G23.3−0.3.
X-ray: Possible detection.
Point sources: Variable radio source near centre, and γ-ray source near edge.
Distance: Association with CO indicates 4.4 kpc, HI absorption suggests 4.7 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.7 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′3×3.′4: S=82 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Becker et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 157. Variable radio source detection. ADS
Andersen et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 7. Spitzer observations. ADS
Su et al. 2014, ApJ, 796, 122. CO observations. ADS
Su et al. 2015, ApJ, 811, 134. CO observations of region. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abramowski et al. 2015, MNRAS, 446, 1163. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Mori et al. 2017, ApJ, 848, 80. NuSTAR, Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Hogge et al. 2019, ApJ, 887, 79. Molecular line observations. ADS
Tam et al. 2020, ApJ, 899, 75. Fermi observations of region. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.7 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G23.3−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W41 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 34 45
Declination: −08 48
Size (/arcmin): 27
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 70
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Distorted ring, in complex region, overlapping G22.7−0.2.
X-ray: Possible extended emission, with compact sources.
Point sources: Pulsar association suggested.
Distance: HI and CO observations suggest 4.2 or 4.8 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.4 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′3×3.′4: S=138 Jy). ADS
Gaensler & Johnston 1995, MNRAS, 275, L73. Possible pulsar association. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2005, Science, 307, 1938. H.E.S.S. detection. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer possible detection. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2006, ApJ, 636, 777. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Albert et al. 2006, ApJ, 643, L53. γ-ray observations. ADS
Landi et al. 2006, ApJ, 651, 190. X-ray observations. ADS
Tian et al. 2007, ApJ, 657, L25. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI, plus XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Leahy & Tian 2008, AJ, 135, 167. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI, plus CO observations. ADS
Mukherjee et al. 2009, ApJ, 691, 1707. XMM-Newton and SWIFT observations. ADS
Frail et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, L19. OH observations. ADS
Castro et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 36. Fermi observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abramowski et al. 2015, A&A, 574, A27. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Su et al. 2015, ApJ, 811, 134. CO observations of region. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G24.7−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 38 43
Declination: −07 32
Size (/arcmin): 15?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 8
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Incomplete shell, defined in SW.
Distance: HI absorption and CO suggests 3.8 kpc.

References:

Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 1. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=12.3 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=3.6 Jy). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=2.2±0.5 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Dubner et al. 1993, AJ, 105, 2251. VLA at 1.47 GHz (44″×56″: S=1.9 Jy). ADS
Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH emission near remnant. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, MNRAS, 477, 2243. VGPS HI absorption, plus CO observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2020, MNRAS, 494, 3405. Fermi observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.7 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G24.7+0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 34 10
Declination: −07 05
Size (/arcmin): 30×15
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 20?
Spectral Index: 0.2?

Radio: Filled-centre, with faint shell, and a compact HII region to the S.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 2.7 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Reich et al. 1984, A&A, 133, L4. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3: S=19±3 Jy) and 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=17±4 Jy) and NRO 45-m at 10.2 GHz (2.′7: S=15±3 Jy). ADS
Becker & Helfand 1987, ApJ, 316, 660. VLA at 1.4 GHz (12″), and X-ray upper limit. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari et al. 2019, MNRAS, 483, 4578. γ-ray observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.9 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G25.1−2.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 45 10
Declination: −08 00
Size (/arcmin): 80×30?
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 8
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Incomplete shell, extent not well defined.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.5 kpc.

References:

Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 532, A144. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=3.7±0.4 Jy), plus other observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G27.4+0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

4C−04.71 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 41 19
Declination: −04 56
Size (/arcmin): 4
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6
Spectral Index: 0.68

Notes: Early references refer to G27.3−0.1 (Kes 73), a supposed larger remnant.

Radio: Incomplete shell.
X-ray: Diffuse emission, with central low period pulsar.
Point sources: Central AXP.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 7.5 to 9.8 or 5.8 kpc, association with CO suggests 9 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 5.8 kpc.

References:

Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′). ADS
Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 75. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=4.4 Jy). ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=2.0±0.5 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Caswell et al. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 1143. FIRST at 1415 MHz (45″×60″: S=3.5 Jy). Revise S_408 MHz=10.4 Jy, and S_5 GHz=1.9±0.2 Jy. ADS
Kriss et al. 1985, ApJ, 288, 703. Einstein observations, plus VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz (12″). ADS
Sanbonmatsu & Helfand 1992, AJ, 104, 2189. VLA at 1.4 GHz for HI absorption. ADS
Helfand et al. 1994, ApJ, 434, 627. ROSAT observations, particularly of central source. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations, including nearby masers. ADS
Vasisht & Gotthelf 1997, ApJ, 486, L129. ASCA detection of pulsar. ADS
Gotthelf & Vasisht 1997, ApJ, 486, L133. ASCA observations. ADS
Gotthelf et al. 1999, ApJ, 522, L49. X-ray timing observations of pulsar. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Mereghetti et al. 2001, MNRAS, 321, 143. Search for optical/IR counterpart to pulsar. ADS
Kuiper et al. 2004, ApJ, 613, 1173. X-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
Tian & Leahy 2008, ApJ, 677, 292. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI. ADS
Mizuno et al. 2010, AJ, 139, 1542. Spitzer observations. ADS
An et al. 2013, ApJ, 779, 163. NuSTAR and other observations. ADS
Kumar et al. 2014, ApJ, 781, 41. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Yeung et al. 2017, ApJ, 837, 69. Fermi observations. ADS
Borkowski & Reynolds 2017, ApJ, 846, 13. Chandra expansion studies. ADS
Liu et al. 2017, ApJ, 851, 37. Fermi and CO observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G27.8+0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 39 50
Declination: −04 24
Size (/arcmin): 50×30
Type: F
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 30
Spectral Index: varies

Radio: Filled-centre, with spectral turnover.
X-ray: Possible pulsar wind nebula.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.0 kpc.

References:

Reich et al. 1984, A&A, 133, L4. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3: S=23±2 Jy), and 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=18±2 Jy) and NRO 45-m at 10.2 GHz (smoothed to 4.′3: S=8.5±2 Jy). ADS
Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH emission near remnant. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
Misanovic et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 931. XMM-Newton pulsar/wind nebula search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=21.0±1.1 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G28.3+0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 42 30
Declination: −03 58
Size (/arcmin): 10
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.3?
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Notes: Has been called G28.36+0.21.

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

References:

Helfand et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 2525. VLA at 327 MHz and 1.4 GHz and IR. ADS
Anderson et al. 2017, A&A, 605, A58. THOR radio and IR survey data. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 18 Mar 2024

G28.6−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 43 55
Declination: −03 53
Size (/arcmin): 13×9
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3?
Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Poorly defined regions of non-thermal emission.
X-ray: Diffuse shell, with thermal and non-thermal emission.
Point sources: Pulsar in NE.
Distance: HI absorption and CO suggests 9.6 kpc.

References:

Helfand et al. 1989, ApJ, 341, 151. VLA at 1.4 GHz (15″) and 5 GHz (15″). ADS
Bamba et al. 2001, PASJ, 53, L21. ASCA observations. ADS
Ueno et al. 2003, ApJ, 588, 338. Chandra observations. ADS
Ebisawa et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, 214. Chandra observations. ADS
Zyuzin et al. 2018, MNRAS, 476, 2177. Pulsar observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, MNRAS, 477, 2243. VGPS HI absorption, plus CO observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Devin et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A68. Fermi observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Amenomori et al. 2022, ApJ, 932, 120. γ-ray observations. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G28.7−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 45 30
Declination: −03 54
Size (/arcmin): 9
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.9?
Spectral Index: 0.8?

Notes: Has been called G28.7−0.44.

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

References:

Helfand et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 2525. VLA at 327 MHz and 1.4 GHz and IR. ADS
Anderson et al. 2017, A&A, 605, A58. THOR radio and IR survey data. ADS
Hurley-Walker et al. 2019, PASA, 36, e048. MWA at 72 to 231 MHz (~2′). ADS

Last updated: 23 Jun 2024

G28.8+1.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 39 00
Declination: −02 55
Size (/arcmin): 100?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
Spectral Index: 0.4?

Radio: Part of rim detected.
X-ray: Diffuse, Centrally brightened.

References:

Schwentker 1994, A&A, 286, L47. ROSAT observations. ADS
Song et al. 2000, PASJ, 52, 181. ASCA observations. ADS
Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
Misanovic et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 931. XMM-Newton pulsar/wind nebula search. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS

Last updated: 11 May 2017

G29.3+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 44 36
Declination: −03 06
Size (/arcmin): 10?
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.5?
Spectral Index: ?

Notes: Has been called G29.37+0.10 and G29.38+0.10.

Radio: Faint shell, with central brighter, polarised emission.
X-ray: Extended emission.

References:

Helfand et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 2525. VLA at 327 MHz and 1.4 GHz and IR. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2017, A&A, 602, A31. GMRT and other observations. ADS
Anderson et al. 2017, A&A, 605, A58. THOR radio and IR survey data. ADS
Petriella et al. 2019, A&A, 626, A65. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 19 Jul 2024

G29.6+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 44 52
Declination: −02 57
Size (/arcmin): 5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5?
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Diffuse shell.
Point sources: AXP associated.

References:

Gaensler et al. 1999, ApJ, 526, L37. VLA at 5 GHz (13″) and 8 GHz (8″). ADS
Vasisht et al. 2000, ApJ, 542, L49. X-ray observations of AXP. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.1 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G29.7−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kes 75 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 46 25
Declination: −02 59
Size (/arcmin): 3
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
Spectral Index: 0.7

Notes: Has erroneously been called G29.6+0.1.

Radio: Shell with flatter spectrum emission from centre.
X-ray: Thermal shell and non-thermal core, and central pulsar.
Point sources: X-ray pulsar.
Distance: Association with CO implies 11 kpc, and HI absorption suggests 5.6 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
Milne & Dickel 1974, AuJPh, 27, 549. Parkes 64-m at 2.7 GHz (8.′4: S=5±20% Jy). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1976, ApJ, 204, 427. NRAO interferometer at 2.7 GHz (7″×20″) and 8 GHz (8″×25″), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Becker et al. 1983, ApJ, 268, L93. VLA at 1.4 GHz (3″), plus Einstein observations. ADS
Becker & Helfand 1984, ApJ, 283, 154. VLA at 5 GHz (2.″6), plus HI. ADS
Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 71, 189. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (26.″5: S=1.02±0.07 Jy). ADS
Salter et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 171. NRAO 12-m at 84.2 GHz of core, plus review of flux densities. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′4×3.′7: S=27.4 Jy). ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Blanton & Helfand 1996, ApJ, 470, 961. ASCA observations. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Gotthelf et al. 2000, ApJ, 542, L37. X-ray pulsar detection. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Mereghetti et al. 2002, ApJ, 574, 873. BeppoSAX observations of pulsar. ADS
Helfand et al. 2003, ApJ, 582, 783. Chandra observations. ADS
Bock & Gaensler 2005, ApJ, 626, 343. BIMA at 88.6 GHz (10″×13″). ADS
Morton et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, 219. Spitzer and Chandra observations. ADS
McBride et al. 2008, A&A, 477, 249. INTEGRAL and Chandra observations. ADS
Leahy & Tian 2008, A&A, 480, L25. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI. ADS
Kumar & Safi-Harb 2008, ApJ, 678, L43. Chandra observations. ADS
Ng et al. 2008, ApJ, 686, 508. Chandra observations. ADS
Gavriil et al. 2008, Science, 319, 1802. X-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
Su et al. 2009, ApJ, 694, 376. CO observations of region, plus Chandra observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=3.6±0.6 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Reynolds et al. 2018, ApJ, 856, 133. Chandra observations for expansion and brightness change studies. ADS
Temim et al. 2019, ApJ, 878, L19. Herschel observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Guest & Safi-Harb 2020, MNRAS, 498, 821. Chandra observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=2.0 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Gotthelf et al. 2021, ApJ, 908, 212. Chandra and NuSTAR observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS
Straal et al. 2023, ApJ, 942, 103. Fermi observations. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G30.7−2.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 54 25
Declination: −02 54
Size (/arcmin): 16
Type: ?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5?
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Radio: Poorly defined.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS

Last updated: 13 Aug 1998

G30.7+1.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 44 00
Declination: −01 32
Size (/arcmin): 24×18
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 6
Spectral Index: 0.4

Radio: Non-thermal, highly polarised part shell?
Point sources: Compact source near centre.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 3.6 kpc.

References:

Reich et al. 1986, A&A, 155, 185. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=3.4±0.4 Jy), plus other flux densities. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′6×3.′9: S=8.6 Jy). ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=2.93±0.19 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G31.5−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 51 10
Declination: −01 31
Size (/arcmin): 18?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2?
Spectral Index: ?

Notes: Has been called G31.55−0.65.

Radio: Distorted shell? Near HII region.
Optical: Diffuse, incomplete shell.

References:

Fürst et al. 1987, A&AS, 69, 403. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4), plus other flux densities. ADS
Mavromatakis et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 265. Optical observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 18 Mar 2024

G31.9+0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

3C391 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 49 25
Declination: −00 55
Size (/arcmin): 7×5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 25
Spectral Index: varies

Radio: Shell, brightest in NW, with low frequency turnover.
X-ray: Diffuse with central core.
Distance: HI absorption and CO association suggests 7.1 kpc, as does H_2 emission.

References:

Radhakrishnan et al. 1972, ApJS, 24, 49. HI absorption. ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′). ADS
Green et al. 1975, A&A, 44, 187. Effelsberg 100-m at 15 GHz (58″: S>1.6). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1976, ApJ, 204, 427. NRAO interferometer at 2.7 GHz (20″×23″) and 8 GHz (9″×24″), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Goss et al. 1979, A&A, 78, 75. FIRST at 1.4 GHz (54″×66″: S=20±2 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 10.7 GHz (77″: S=7.5±0.8 Jy). ADS
Wang & Seward 1984, ApJ, 279, 705. Einstein observations. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′4×3.′7: S=44.8 Jy). ADS
Reynolds & Moffett 1993, AJ, 105, 2226. VLA at 1.4 GHz (6″), including possible associated CO. ADS
Moffett & Reynolds 1994, ApJ, 425, 668. VLA at 330 MHz (smoothed to 30″: S=38.5±0.5 Jy) 1.46 GHz (6.″7) and 4.85 GHz (6.″2×6.″4), including spectral index and polarisation studies. ADS
Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH emission near remnant, including masers. ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Reach & Rho 1996, A&A, 315, L277. ISO spectroscopy. ADS
Rho & Petre 1996, ApJ, 467, 698. ROSAT observations. ADS
Wilner et al. 1998, AJ, 115, 247. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
Reach & Rho 1998, ApJ, 507, L93. ISO observations. ADS
Reach & Rho 1999, ApJ, 511, 836. CO, HCO⁺ and CS observations of surroundings. ADS
Reach & Rho 2000, ApJ, 544, 843. ISO observations of interactions with surroundings. ADS
also see: Reach & Rho 2001, ApJ, 558, 943. Erratum. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Chen & Slane 2001, ApJ, 563, 202. ASCA observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 302. Observations of shocked molecular species. ADS
Chen et al. 2004, ApJ, 616, 885. Chandra observations. ADS
Brogan et al. 2005, AJ, 130, 148. VLA at 74 MHz, 330 MHz and 1.5 GHz (70″). ADS
Kawasaki et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 935. ASCA observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Neufeld et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 890. Spitzer observations. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Castro & Slane 2010, ApJ, 717, 372. Fermi observations. ADS
Yuan & Neufeld 2011, ApJ, 726, 76. Spitzer observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=8.9±0.6 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Neufeld et al. 2014, ApJ, 781, 102. Spitzer and Herschel IR spectroscopy. ADS
Ergin et al. 2014, ApJ, 790, 65. Fermi and Suzaku observations. ADS
Gusdorf et al. 2014, IAUS, 296, 178. CO observations. ADS
Su et al. 2014, IAUS, 296, 372. VGPS for HI absorption. ADS
Lee et al. 2014, MNRAS, 443, 2650. [FeII] IR survey observations. ADS
Sato et al. 2014, PASJ, 66, 124. Suzaku observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2017, ApJ, 843, 119. HI and CO observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.5 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 18 Mar 2024

G32.0−4.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

3C396.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 06 00
Declination: −03 00
Size (/arcmin): 60?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 22?
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Possible large shell?

References:

Milne & Hill 1969, AuJPh, 22, 211. Parkes 64-m at 635 MHz (31′: S=25±30% Jy), 1410 MHz (15′: S=19±15% Jy) and 2650 MHz (8.′4: S=8.6±30% Jy). Fluxes if size is 60′, plus review of flux densities. ADS
Caswell 1970, AuJPh, 23, 105. Revision of low frequency flux densities. ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo at 111 MHz (S=105±30 Jy). ADS

Last updated: 25 Feb 1988

G32.1−0.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 53 10
Declination: −01 08
Size (/arcmin): 40?
Type: C?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4?
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Radio: Possible faint shell, not well defined.
X-ray: Diffuse, with clumps.
Distance: H₂ emission suggests 5 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.7 kpc.

References:

Folgheraiter et al. 1997, MNRAS, 292, 365. ROSAT and ASCA observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G32.4+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 50 05
Declination: −00 25
Size (/arcmin): 6
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.8?
Spectral Index: 0.2?

Notes: Has been called G32.45+0.1.

Radio: Shell.
X-ray: Shell.
Distance: X-ray absorption suggests 17 kpc.

References:

Yamaguchi et al. 2004, PASJ, 56, 1059. XMM-Newton and other observations. ADS
Ueno et al. 2005, in XRRC, E4.18. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G32.8−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kes 78 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 51 25
Declination: −00 08
Size (/arcmin): 22×15
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 12
Spectral Index: 0.3

Notes: Part has been called G33.1−0.1.

Radio: Incomplete, elongated shell.
Optical: Detected.
X-ray: Patchy, elongated shell.
Distance: Association with CO and HI absorption indicate 4.8 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 5.4 kpc.

References:

Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft et 2.7 GHz (5′: S=7.2±0.5 Jy). ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo at 430 MHz (S=19.0±15.5 Jy). ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 39. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=12.8 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=7.7 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′6×3.′8: S=31.3 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA detection of compact OH emission. ADS
Stupar & Parker 2011, MNRAS, 414, 2282. Hα observations. ADS
Zhou & Chen 2011, ApJ, 743, 4. XMM-Newton observations, plus CO of region. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Bamba et al. 2016, ApJ, 818, 63. Suzaku observations. ADS
Miceli et al. 2017, A&A, 599, A45. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G33.2−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 53 50
Declination: −00 02
Size (/arcmin): 18
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3
Spectral Index: 0.3

Radio: Incomplete shell.
Optical: Filaments and diffuse emission.
Distance: H₂ emission suggests 4.9 kpc.

References:

Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Reich 1982, A&A, 106, 314. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=2.6±0.3 Jy) and 4.75 GHz (2.′5: S=1.75±0.2 Jy). ADS
Dubner et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1304. VLA at 1.4 GHz (52″×68″: S=2.7±0.3 Jy). ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Boumis et al. 2009, A&A, 499, 789. Optical observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G33.6+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Kes 79, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext 4C00.70, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext HC13 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 52 48
Declination: +00 41
Size (/arcmin): 10
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 20
Spectral Index: 0.51

Notes: Has been called G33.7+0.0 and G33.7+0.05.

Radio: Shell, with bright central region, in complex region.
X-ray: Multiple shells and filaments.
Point sources: Central X-ray pulsar.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 7.8 or 3.5 kpc, and CO observations suggest 5.5 kpc.

References:

Caswell et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 39. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=35.5 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=7.8 Jy). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, A&A, 45, 239. HI absorption. ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=69±33 Jy. ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′: S=6.8±1.5 Jy). ADS
Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=11.4±1.1 Jy). ADS
Caswell et al. 1981, MNRAS, 195, 89. FIRST at 1415 MHz (1′), plus observations of the nearby point source. ADS
van Gorkom et al. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 757. WSRT HI absorption to nearby point source, possibly extragalactic. ADS
Seaquist & Gilmore 1982, AJ, 87, 378. VLA observations of nearby source, plus Einstein observations. ADS
Green 1989, MNRAS, 238, 737. OH absorption. ADS
Frail & Clifton 1989, ApJ, 336, 854. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1′×2.′9), including HI absorption. ADS
Velusamy et al. 1991, AJ, 102, 676. VLA at 327 MHz (1′), 1.5 (7″×14″) and 5 GHz (7″), including spectral comparison. ADS
Green & Dewdney 1992, MNRAS, 254, 686. Observations of adjacent molecular material. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′6×3.′8: S=34.8 Jy). ADS
Seward & Velusamy 1995, ApJ, 439, 715. ROSAT observations. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA search for OH emission. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Tsunemi & Enoguchi 2002, PASJ, 54, 735. ASCA observations. ADS
Seward et al. 2003, ApJ, 584, 414. Chandra observations. ADS
Stanimirović 2003, ApJ, 592, 953. Arecibo OH absorption. ADS
Sun et al. 2004, ApJ, 605, 742. Chandra observations. ADS
Gotthelf et al. 2005, ApJ, 627, 390. XMM-Newton pulsar detection. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer possible detection. ADS
Halpern et al. 2007, ApJ, 665, 1304. X-ray pulsar timing observations. ADS
Giacani et al. 2009, A&A, 507, 841. VLA at 74 MHz (36″×39″: S=76±10 Jy), 324 MHz (13″: S=39±8 Jy) and 1.5 GHz (17″×19″: S=11.5±1.5 Jy), plus review of flux densities and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=9.4±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Auchettl et al. 2014, ApJ, 783, 32. Fermi detection. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Zhou et al. 2016, ApJ, 831, 192. CO and other observations. ADS
Sato et al. 2016, PASJ, 68, S8. Suzaku observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Kuriki et al. 2018, ApJ, 864, 161. CO observations. ADS
Mayer & Becker 2021, A&A, 651, A40. Multi-epoch Chandra observations for proper motion of compact source. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
He et al. 2022, ApJ, 928, 89. Fermi observations. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G34.7−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W44, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext 3C392 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 56 00
Declination: +01 22
Size (/arcmin): 35×27
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 240
Spectral Index: 0.37

Notes: Has been called G34.6−0.5.

Radio: Distorted shell, brighter to the E, with pulsar and associated nebula.
Optical: Diffuse emission.
X-ray: Centrally concentrated, thermal spectrum, plus pulsar wind nebula.
Point sources: Pulsar within the boundary of the remnant.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 3.0 kpc, optical absorption suggests 2.1 or 2.7 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 2.8 kpc.

References:

Caswell et al. 1975, A&A, 45, 239. HI absorption. ADS
Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 75. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=299 Jy). ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=540±187 Jy. ADS
Dickel & Milne 1976, AuJPh, 29, 435. Comparison of earlier Parkes 64-m maps at 2.7 GHz (8.′4) and 5 GHz (4.′4). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Wolszczan et al. 1991, ApJ, 372, L99. Pulsar detection. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′6×3.′8: S=469 Jy). ADS
Jones et al. 1993, MNRAS, 265, 631. VLA at 1.4 GHz (15″), plus X-ray spectra. ADS
Rho et al. 1994, ApJ, 430, 757. Optical and ROSAT observations. ADS
Koo & Heiles 1995, ApJ, 442, 679. HI of surrounding shell. ADS
Harrus et al. 1996, ApJ, 464, L161. ASCA observations. ADS
Frail et al. 1996, ApJ, 464, L165. VLA at 1.5 and 8.4 GHz (7.″8×8.″9) of pulsar nebula. ADS
Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH maser emission. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Reach & Rho 1996, A&A, 315, L277. ISO spectroscopy. ADS
Harrus et al. 1997, ApJ, 488, 781. X-ray observations. ADS
Claussen et al. 1997, ApJ, 489, 143. VLA of associated OH masers. ADS
Giacani et al. 1997, AJ, 113, 1379. VLA at 1.4 GHz (15″), plus optical images. ADS
Seta et al. 1998, ApJ, 505, 286. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
Cox et al. 1999, ApJ, 524, 179. Revision of distance. ADS
Reach & Rho 2000, ApJ, 544, 843. ISO observations of interactions with surroundings. ADS
also see: Reach & Rho 2001, ApJ, 558, 943. Erratum. ADS
Roberts et al. 2001, ApJS, 133, 451. ASCA observations. ADS
Petre et al. 2002, ApJ, 579, 404. Chandra observations of pulsar and wind nebula. ADS
Mavromatakis et al. 2003, A&A, 405, 591. Optical observations. ADS
Shelton et al. 2004, ApJ, 611, 906. Chandra observations of part. ADS
Reach et al. 2005, ApJ, 618, 297. Molecular line and near-IR observations. ADS
Hoffman et al. 2005, ApJ, 627, 803. Observations of OH masers. ADS
Kawasaki et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 935. ASCA observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Neufeld et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, 890. Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2007, A&A, 471, 537. VLA at 74 MHz (36″×39″: S=634±70 Jy) and 324 MHz (13″: S=411±50 Jy). ADS
Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
Abdo et al. 2010, Science, 327, 1103. Fermi observations. ADS
Yuan & Neufeld 2011, ApJ, 726, 76. Spitzer observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=118±6 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Giuliani et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, L30. γ-ray observations. ADS
Uchiyama et al. 2012, ApJ, 749, L35. Fermi observations. ADS
Uchida et al. 2012, PASJ, 64, 141. Suzaku observations. ADS
Ackermann et al. 2013, Science, 339, 807. Fermi observations. ADS
Yoshiike et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 179. CO and HI observations of region. ADS
Sashida et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 10. HCO⁺ and CO observations of region. ADS
Park et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 14. Arecibo HI observations of region. ADS
Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
Anderl et al. 2014, A&A, 569, A81. CO observations of regions in NE. ADS
Su et al. 2014, IAUS, 296, 372. VGPS for HI absorption. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 30, 44 and 70 GHz. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
McEwen et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 189. NH₃ and CH₃OH observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Génova-Santos et al. 2017, MNRAS, 464, 4107. Radio observations at 10 to 20 GHz. ADS
Egron et al. 2017, MNRAS, 470, 1329. SRT at 1.5 GHz (11′: S=214±6 Jy) and 7 GHz (2.′7: S=94±4 Jy). ADS
Yamada et al. 2017, ApJ, 834, L3. CO and HCO⁺ observations. ADS
Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Beuther et al. 2019, A&A, 628, A90. OH maser observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Okon et al. 2020, ApJ, 890, 62. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Peron et al. 2020, ApJ, 896, L23. Fermi observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G35.6−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 57 55
Declination: +02 13
Size (/arcmin): 15×11
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Re-identified as SNR in 2009.

Radio: Diffuse, with some limb brightening.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 3.8 kpc.

References:

Green 2009, MNRAS, 399, 177. Identification in the radio as a SNR. ADS
Paron & Giacani 2010, A&A, 509, L4. CO and IR observations of region. ADS
Zhu et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 95. HI and other observations. ADS
Paredes et al. 2014, A&A, 561, A56. GMRT at 610 MHz (4.″8×12.″2). ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Beuther et al. 2019, A&A, 628, A90. OH maser observations. ADS
Cui et al. 2021, A&A, 646, A114. Fermi observations of region, and X-ray limit. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Zhang et al. 2022, ApJ, 931, 128. Fermi, CO and HI observations. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS
Dokara et al. et al. 2023, A&A, 671, A145. VLA and Effelsberg 100-m at 6 GHz, including polarisation, plus other radio flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 19 Mar 2024

G36.6−0.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 00 35
Declination: +02 56
Size (/arcmin): 25?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.0
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Radio: polarised arc, possibly part of a larger shell?
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 8.7 kpc.

References:

Fürst et al. 1987, A&AS, 69, 403. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4), plus other flux densities. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′4×3.′7: S=6.7 Jy). ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer possible detection. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.39±0.04 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G36.6+2.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 18 48 49
Declination: +04 26
Size (/arcmin): 17×13?
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.7?
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Radio: Poorly resolved shell.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS

Last updated: 19 May 1992

G38.7−1.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 06 40
Declination: +04 28
Size (/arcmin): 32×19?
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
Spectral Index: ?

Notes: G38.7−1.4 refers to the E portion.

Radio: Incomplete shell.
Optical: Arc of filaments, brighter to E.
X-ray: Detected in E.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.1 kpc.

References:

Schaudel et al. 2002, ASPC, 271, 391. ROSAT of E, and radio survey observations. ADS
Sabin et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 279. Hα and radio survey observations. ADS
Huang et al. 2014, ApJ, 785, 118. XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G39.2−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

3C396, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext HC24, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext NRAO 593 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 04 08
Declination: +05 28
Size (/arcmin): 8×6
Type: C
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 18
Spectral Index: 0.34

Radio: Shell, brighter to W, with faint ‘tail’ to E.
X-ray: Diffuse, brighter to W, with central core.
Point sources: Central X-ray source.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 8.5 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 9.5 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′). ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=54±38 Jy. ADS
Becker & Kundu 1975, AJ, 80, 679. NRAO 140-ft at 10.6 GHz (3′: S=4.1±1.0 Jy). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, A&A, 45, 239. HI absorption. ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Caswell et al. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 1143. FIRST at 1.4 GHz (48″×65″). ADS
Becker & Helfand 1987, AJ, 94, 1629. VLA at 1.4 GHz (12″: S=14 Jy) and 5 GHz, plus Einstein observations. ADS
Patnaik et al. 1990, A&A, 232, 467. VLA at 1.4 GHz (7.″5×7.″8) and 5 GHz (25″) including polarisation, plus Ooty at 327 MHz (31″×100″), including review of flux densities. ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′5×3.′6: S=42.5 Jy). ADS
Anderson & Rudnick 1993, ApJ, 408, 514. VLA at 1.45 and 4.89 GHz for spectral index studies. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Koralesky et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1323. VLA search for OH emission. ADS
Harrus & Slane 1999, ApJ, 516, 811. ASCA observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Olbert et al. 2003, ApJ, 592, L45. Chandra observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Scaife et al. 2007, MNRAS, 377, L69. 33 GHz observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2009, ApJ, 691, 1042. IR observations. ADS
Hewitt et al. 2009, ApJ, 694, 1266. Spitzer spectroscopy. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=8.8±0.5 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Su et al. 2011, ApJ, 727, 43. Chandra and CO observations of region. ADS
Andersen et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 7. Spitzer observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Cruciani et al. 2016, MNRAS, 459, 4224. Parkes 64 m at 8.4, 13.5, 18.6 and 21.5 GHz, plus review of flux densities. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Sezar et al. 2020, MNRAS, 492, 1484. Suzaku observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
de Oña Wilhelmi et al. 2020, MNRAS, 497, 3581. Fermi and CO observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.0 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Rennie et al. 2022, ApJ, 933, 187. Observations at 26 to 34 GHz. ADS
Shanahan et al. 2023, ApJ, 957, 60. VLA at 1 to 2 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G39.7−2.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W50, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext SS433 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 12 20
Declination: +04 55
Size (/arcmin): 120×60
Type: ?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 85?
Spectral Index: 0.7?

Notes: Eastern part has been called G40.0−3.1. Is this a SNR?

Radio: Elongated shell, containing SS433, adjacent to the HII region S74.
Optical: Faint filaments at the edge of the radio emission.
X-ray: Emission from SS433 and two lobes.
Point sources: SS433 is the compact source in the centre of the W50.
Distance: HI absorption and CO observations indicate 4.9 kpc, optical emission gives 4.7 kpc.

References:

van den Bergh 1980, ApJ, 236, L23. Optical in Hα and [SII]. ADS
Zealey et al. 1980, MNRAS, 192, 731. Optical spectra. ADS
van Gorkom et al. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 757. WSRT HI absorption to nearby point source (not SS433). ADS
Seaquist & Gilmore 1982, AJ, 87, 378. VLA observations of nearby source. ADS
Watson et al. 1983, ApJ, 273, 688. X-ray observations. ADS
Downes et al. 1986, MNRAS, 218, 393. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=34±4 Jy), plus previous 1.7 and 2.7 GHz data. ADS
Romney et al. 1987, ApJ, 321, 822. VLBI of SS433, including distance. ADS
Elston & Baum 1987, AJ, 94, 1633. Mosaic with VLA at 1.4 GHz (30″) of fine structure only. ADS
Kawai et al. 1989, PASJ, 41, 491. X-ray observations of SS433. ADS
Band 1989, ApJ, 336, 937. Einstein and EXOSAT observations. ADS
Yamauchi et al. 1994, PASJ, 46, L109. X-ray spectral observations. ADS
Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
Brinkmann et al. 1996, A&A, 312, 306. ROSAT observations. ADS
Kotani et al. 1996, PASJ, 48, 619. X-ray line emission from SS433. ADS
Safi-Harb & Ögelman 1997, ApJ, 483, 868. ROSAT observations. ADS
Dubner et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1842. VLA at 328 MHz (60″×64″: S=160±20 Jy), and 1.4 GHz (54″×56″), plus NRAO 140-ft at 1.4 GHz (21′) for HI observations. ADS
Safi-Harb & Petre 1999, ApJ, 512, 784. X-ray observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Brinkmann et al. 2007, A&A, 463, 611. XMM-Newton observations of E lobe. ADS
Boumis et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 308. Optical observations. ADS
Lockman et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 881. HI observations. ADS
Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=37±4 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Farnes et al. 2017, MNRAS, 467, 4777. ATCA at 1.4 to 3.1 GHz, including polarisation and Hα observations. ADS
Broderick et al. 2018, MNRAS, 475, 5360. LOFAR at 115 to 189 MHz, including 140 MHz (55″×78″). ADS
Su et al. 2018, ApJ, 863, 103. CO and HI observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2019, A&A, 626, A113. Fermi observations. ADS
Liu et al. 2020, ApJ, 892, 143. CO and CN observations of W edge. ADS
Rosado et al. 2021, MNRAS, 506, 4263. Optical spectroscopy, including distance. ADS
Hayakawa et al. 2022, PASJ, 74, 510. Chandra observations of E. ADS
Kayama et al. 2022, PASJ, 74, 1143. Chandra observations. ADS
Safi-Harb et al. 2022, ApJ, 935, 163. NuSTAR, Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS

Last updated: 4 Jan 2024

G40.5−0.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 07 10
Declination: +06 31
Size (/arcmin): 22
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 11
Spectral Index: 0.4

Radio: Shell, brightest to the NE.
Point sources: Central pulsar.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 5.1 kpc.

References:

Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Downes et al. 1980, A&A, 92, 47. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.7 GHz (7.′6: S=9.3±1.3 Jy), and 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=7.2±0.5 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Yang et al. 2006, ChJAA, 6, 210. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
Abdo et al. 2007, ApJ, 664, L91. γ-ray observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=6.4±0.3 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Aliu et al. 2014, ApJ, 787, 166. γ-ray observations of region. ADS
Lyne et al. 2017, ApJ, 834, 137. Pulsar detection. ADS
Duvidovich et al. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 5732. VLA at 1.5 GHz (39.″5×51.″1), and CO observations of part. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.05 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Li et al. 2021, ApJ, 913, L33. Fermi observations of region. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Crestan et al. 2021, MNRAS, 505, 2309. Fermi observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G41.1−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

3C397 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 07 34
Declination: +07 08
Size (/arcmin): 4.5×2.5
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 25
Spectral Index: 0.50

Radio: 3C397 is two sources: the E is the SNR, the W is a HII region.
X-ray: Brighter to the E and W, with central component.
Distance: HI absorption suggest 8.5 kpc.

References:

Kundu et al. 1974, AJ, 79, 132. NRAO 140-ft at 10 GHz (3′) and 5 GHz (6′). ADS
Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=21.3±1.2 Jy for both components). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, A&A, 45, 239. HI absorption. ADS
Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=82±51 Jy, also Algonquin 46-m at 10.6 GHz (3′: S=12±2 Jy), and Haystack 36-m at 15.5 GHz (2.′3: S=8.5±3.0 Jy). ADS
Caswell et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 39. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=29.8 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=8.7 Jy). ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Caswell et al. 1982, MNRAS, 200, 1143. FIRST at 1.4 GHz (52″×58″). ADS
Becker et al. 1985, ApJ, 296, 461. VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz (8″), plus Einstein observations. ADS
Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 71, 189. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (smoothed to 30″: S=4.10±0.19 Jy). ADS
Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′5×3.′6: S=46.3 Jy). ADS
Anderson & Rudnick 1993, ApJ, 408, 514. VLA at 1.45 and 4.89 GHz, for spectral index studies. ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Chen et al. 1999, ApJ, 520, 737. ASCA and ROSAT observations. ADS
Dyer & Reynolds 1999, ApJ, 526, 365. VLA at 1.5 GHz (6.″6×6.″9) and 4.8 GHz (5.″6×6.″4), including polarisation and comparison with ROSAT image. ADS
Safi-Harb et al. 2000, ApJ, 545, 922. ROSAT, ASCA and other X-ray observations. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Safi-Harb et al. 2005, ApJ, 618, 321. Chandra observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Jiang et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1147. CO observations of region. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=18.5±1.1 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Yang et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 44. Suzaku spectroscopy. ADS
Yamaguchi et al. 2015, ApJ, 801, L31. Suzaku observations. ADS
Clark et al. 2015, ApJ, 809, L2. Fermi observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Leahy & Ranasinghe 2016, ApJ, 817, 74. VGPS for HI absorption. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=1.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Ohshiro et al. 2021, ApJ, 913, L34. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Ergin et al. 2021, MNRAS, 501, 4226. Fermi limit. ADS
Shanahan et al. 2022, ApJ, 939, 92. VLA at 1 to 2 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G41.5+0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 05 50
Declination: +07 46
Size (/arcmin): 10
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1?
Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Partial clumpy shell, brighter to NE.

References:

Kaplan et al. 2002, ApJ, 566, 378. VLA at 332 MHz (20″: S=1.8±0.4 Jy). ADS
Alves et al. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 2429. Radio observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.7 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G42.0−0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 08 10
Declination: +08 00
Size (/arcmin): 8
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5?
Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Irregular shell.

References:

Kaplan et al. 2002, ApJ, 566, 378. VLA at 332 MHz (20″: S=1.8±0.4 Jy). ADS
Alves et al. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 2429. Radio observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G42.8+0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 07 20
Declination: +09 05
Size (/arcmin): 24
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3?
Spectral Index: 0.5?

Notes: Has been called G42.8+0.65.

Radio: Faint shell.
Point sources: Near soft gamma repeater, and young pulsar.
Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.2 kpc.

References:

Fürst et al. 1987, A&AS, 69, 403. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=1.5±0.2 Jy), plus other flux densities. ADS
Vasisht et al. 1994, ApJ, 431, L35. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′2×3.′4). ADS
Hurley et al. 1996, ApJ, 463, L13. Observations of soft gamma repeater field. ADS
Lorimer & Xilouris 2000, ApJ, 545, 385. Pulsar detection. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Kaplan et al. 2002, ApJ, 566, 378. VLA at 333 MHz (50″), and other observations of the region. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.04 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G43.3−0.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W49B ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 11 08
Declination: +09 06
Size (/arcmin): 4×3
Type: S
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 38
Spectral Index: 0.46

Radio: Shell, brightest to the SE and W, near the HII region W49A.
X-ray: Centrally brightened, elongated E–W.
Point sources: Compact X-ray source.
Distance: HI absorption suggests 11.3 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 7.5 kpc.

References:

Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′) and Parkes 64-m at 2.7 GHz (4′). ADS
Downes & Wilson 1974, A&A, 34, 133. Effelsberg 100-m at 10.7 GHz (1.′3). ADS
Green et al. 1975, A&A, 44, 187. Effelsberg 100-m at 15.0 GHz (58″: S=9.0±0.7 Jy). ADS
Lockhart & Goss 1978, A&A, 67, 355. HI absorption. ADS
Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
Pye et al. 1984, MNRAS, 207, 649. Einstein observations, and VLA at 1.4 and 5 GHz (both 12″). ADS
Smith et al. 1985, ApJ, 296, 469. EXOSAT spectrum. ADS
Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 71, 189. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (smoothed to 30″: S=6.90±0.38 Jy). ADS
Moffett & Reynolds 1994, ApJ, 437, 705. VLA at 330 MHz (6.″7×7.″7: S=64.4 Jy), 1.48 GHz (4.″8×5.″2: S=31.8 Jy) and 4.85 GHz (4.″0×4.″1), including polarisation. ADS
Fujimoto et al. 1995, PASJ, 47, L31. ASCA observations. ADS
Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
Hwang et al. 2000, ApJ, 532, 970. ROSAT image and ASCA spectroscopy. ADS
Sugizaki et al. 2001, ApJS, 134, 77. ASCA survey observations. ADS
Aharonian et al. 2001, A&A, 375, 1008. H.E.S.S. limit. ADS
Brogan & Troland 2001, ApJ, 550, 799. VLA at 1.4 GHz (24″×27″ and 5″) for HI Zeeman splitting. ADS
Lacey et al. 2001, ApJ, 559, 954. VLA at 74 MHz (23″×26″: S=55.6 Jy) and 326 MHz (6.″2×6.″6: S=56.0 Jy). ADS
Kaplan et al. 2002, ApJ, 566, 378. VLA at 333 MHz (50″), and other observations of the region. ADS
Kawasaki et al. 2005, ApJ, 631, 935. ASCA observations. ADS
Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
Miceli et al. 2006, A&A, 453, 567. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Keohane et al. 2007, ApJ, 654, 938. IR and Chandra observations. ADS
Ozawa et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, L71. Suzaku observations. ADS
Abdo et al. 2010, ApJ, 722, 1303. Fermi observations. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=19.1±1.0 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Rodes-Roca 2013, A&A, 555, A115. IR of compact X-ray source. ADS
Yang et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 44. Suzaku spectroscopy. ADS
Lopez et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 145. Chandra spectroscopy. ADS
Zhu et al. 2014, ApJ, 793, 95. Spitzer and other observations. ADS
Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
Kilpatrick et al. 2016, ApJ, 816, 1. CO observations, including broad lines. ADS
Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A1. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
H.E.S.S. Collaboration: Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A5. H.E.S.S. observations. ADS
Zhou & Vink 2018, A&A, 615, A150. Chandra observations. ADS
Tanaka et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, L26. NuSTAR observations. ADS
Yamaguchi et al. 2018, ApJ, 868, L35. NuSTAR observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] and H₂ IR observations. ADS
Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
Sun & Chen 2020, ApJ, 893, 90. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Holland-Ashford et al. 2020, ApJ, 903, 108. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=3.3 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
Castelletti et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A62.VLA 74-MHz survey flux density, and other low-frequency radio flux densities. ADS
Sano et al. 2021, ApJ, 919, 123. ALMA CO observations. ADS
Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
Zhou et al. 2022, ApJ, 931, 144. Molecular line observations. ADS
Shanahan et al. 2022, ApJ, 939, 92. VLA at 1 to 2 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G43.9+1.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Right Ascension: 19 05 50
Declination: +10 30
Size (/arcmin): 60?
Type: S?
Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9.0
Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Large, poorly defined faint shell.
Point sources: Soft gamma repeater nearby.
Distance: Association with CO suggests 3.1 kpc, optical extinction suggests 1.5 kpc.

References:

Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
Vasisht et al. 1994, ApJ, 431, L35. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′2×3.′4). ADS
Hurley et al. 1996, ApJ, 463, L13. Observations of soft gamma repeater field. ADS
Kaplan et al. 2002, ApJ, 566, 378. VLA at 333 MHz (50″), and other observations of the region. ADS
Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=4.55±0.24 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
Zhou et al. 2020, ApJ, 900, 155. CO observations of region. ADS
Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

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