1st quadrant Galactic SNRs (45°≤l<90°)

G45.7−0.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 16 25
• Declination: +11 09
• Size (/arcmin): 22
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 4.2?
• Spectral Index: 0.4?

Radio: Shell, brightest to the SE, poorly defined to NW.

Distance: Optical extinction suggests 6.0 kpc.

References:

• Fürst et al. 1987, A&AS, 69, 403. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=2.6±0.3 Jy), plus other flux densities. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer possible detection. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.15 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Zhang et al. 2021, ApJ, 923, 106. Fermi observations of region. ADS
• Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G46.8−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

(HC30) ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 18 10
• Declination: +12 09
• Size (/arcmin): 15
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 16
• Spectral Index: 0.54

Notes: Has been called G46.6−0.2.

Radio: Shell, two bright arcs to NNW and SSE.

Distance: HI absorption gives 7.3 kpc.

References:

• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=9.8±0.9 Jy), and 37-m at 1.7 GHz (S=14.5±5.5 Jy). ADS
• Caswell et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 39. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=20.3 Jy) and Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′: S=7.1 Jy). ADS
• Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=46±21 Jy. ADS
• Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8: S=5.9±0.6 Jy). ADS
• Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
• Dubner et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1304. VLA at 1.4 GHz (53″×58″: S=13.3±0.1 Jy). ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=7.02±0.18 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.9 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
• Supan et al. 2022, A&A, 664, A89. Review of radio spectrum, HI absorption for distance, and CO observations. ADS
• Shanahan et al. 2023, ApJ, 957, 60. VLA at 1 to 2 GHz, including polarisation. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G49.2−0.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

(W51) ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 23 50
• Declination: +14 06
• Size (/arcmin): 30
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 160?
• Spectral Index: 0.3?

Notes: Has erroneously been called G49.1−0.1.

Radio: In complex region, parameters uncertain.

Optical: Some diffuse emission possibly associated.

X-ray: Elongated east–west.

Distance: Association with CO gives 6 kpc, optical absorption suggests 5.7 kpc, HI absorption suggests 5.4 kpc.

References:

• Shaver & Goss 1970, AuJPA, 14, 133. Parkes 64-m at 5 GHz (4′). ADS
• Sato 1973, PASJ, 25, 135. HI absorption. ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′), S=51.5±3.2 Jy, for the non-thermal component, but probably confused. ADS
• Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
• Seward 1990, ApJS, 73, 781. Einstein observations. ADS
• Copetti & Schmidt 1991, MNRAS, 250, 127. 151 MHz observations. ADS
• Kassim 1992, AJ, 103, 943. VLA at 327 MHz (3.′1×3.′5). ADS
• Subrahmanyan & Goss 1995, MNRAS, 275, 755. VLA at 330 MHz (1.′1). ADS
• Koo et al. 1995, ApJ, 447, 211. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Frail et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 1651. OH emission near remnant. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. OH masers. ADS
• Koo & Moon 1997, ApJ, 475, 194. Arecibo (3′) and VLA (40″×42″) at 1.4 GHz for HI. ADS
• Koo & Moon 1997, ApJ, 485, 263. NRAO 12-m CO and HCO⁺ observations. ADS
• Brogan et al. 2000, ApJ, 537, 875. VLA at 1.7 GHz for OH Zeeman splitting. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 265. Optical observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2002, AJ, 123, 1629. ASCA observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2005, ApJ, 633, 946. Chandra observations. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. High velocity HI. ADS
• Hewitt et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 189. GBT at 1.6 and 1.7 GHz for OH masers. ADS
• Abdo et al. 2009, ApJ, 706, L1. Fermi observations. ADS
• Koo et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 262. HI Zeeman splitting observations. ADS
• Ceccarelli et al. 2011, ApJ, 740, L4. Molecular line observations of region. ADS
• Aleksić et al. 2012, A&A, 541, A13. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Hanabata et al. 2013, PASJ, 65, 42. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2013, ApJ, 769, L17. HI observations of region. ADS
• Brogan et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 91. VLA at 74 MHz (84″×92″) and 320 MHz (33″×35″), plus OH, molecular line and other observations. ADS
• Park et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 14. Arecibo of HI in region. ADS
• Sasaki et al. 2014, A&A, 563, A9. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Pihlström et al. 2014, AJ, 147, 73. VLA search for methanol masers. ADS
• Dumes et al. 2014, ApJ, 786, L24. Molecular line observations. ADS
• Jogler & Funk 2016, ApJ, 816, 100. Fermi observations. ADS
• McEwen et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 189. NH₃ and CH₃OH observations. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. [FeII] IR observations. ADS
• Beuther et al. 2019, A&A, 628, A90. OH maser observations. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.8 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Sofue et al. 2021, ApJS, 253, 17. Nobeyama 45-m CO observations (20″) of region. ADS
• Reyes-Iturbide et al. 2022, MNRAS, 516, 6055. Optical and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Shimaguchi et al. 2022, PASJ, 74, 656. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Yamagishi et al. 2023, PASJ, 75, 883. CO and [CI] observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G53.4+0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 29 57
• Declination: +18 10
• Size (/arcmin): 10?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.5
• Spectral Index: 0.6?

Notes: Has been called G53.41+0.03.

Radio: Asymmetric shell.

X-ray: Half shell, brighter to N.

References:

• Anderson et al. 2017, A&A, 605, A58. VLA at 1 to 2 GHz. ADS
• Driessen et al. 2018, ApJ, 860, 133. LOFAR at 140 MHz, plus other radio observations, and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.03 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Domček et al. 2022, A&A, 659, A63. XMM-Newton observations. ADS

Last updated: 4 Jan 2024

G53.6−2.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

3C400.2, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext NRAO 611 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 38 50
• Declination: +17 14
• Size (/arcmin): 33×28
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 8
• Spectral Index: 0.50

Notes: Has been called G53.7−2.2.

Radio: Ring of emission, with extension to NW.

Optical: Filaments and diffuse emission.

X-ray: Centrally brightened, offset to NW.

Distance: Association with HI gives 2.8 kpc.

References:

• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=5.3±0.6 Jy). ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=4.8±0.3 Jy). ADS
• Clark et al. 1975, AuJPA, 37, 75. Molonglo at 408 MHz (3′: S=11.7 Jy). ADS
• Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=20±10 Jy, S_318 MHz=20±3.6 Jy. ADS
• Goss et al. 1975, A&A, 43, 459. WSRT at 610 MHz (1′×3′: S=13.2±1.6 Jy). ADS
• Sabbadin & D′Odorico 1976, A&A, 49, 119. Optical spectra. ADS
• van den Bergh 1978, ApJS, 38, 119. Optical observations. ADS
• Rosado 1983, RMxAA, 8, 59. Optical spectra. ADS
• Blair & Long 1988, PASP, 100, 461. Optical imaging and spectroscopy. ADS
  also see: Blair & Long 1988, PASP, 100, 651. Erratum. ADS
• Long et al. 1991, ApJ, 373, 567. Einstein and optical observations. ADS
• Winkler et al. 1993, ApJ, 405, 608. Optical imaging. ADS
• Dubner et al. 1994, AJ, 108, 207. VLA at 327 MHz (59″) and 1.49 GHz (52″), plus X-rays. ADS
• Saken et al. 1995, ApJ, 443, 231. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Giacani et al. 1998, A&AS, 133, 61. DRAO at 1.4 GHz for HI studies, including distance. ADS
• Yoshita et al. 2001, PASJ, 53, 93. ASCA observations, and spectral comparison with ROSAT. ADS
• Ambrocio-Cruz et al. 2006, RMxAA, 42, 241. Optical imaging and spectroscopy. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=4.00±0.22 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Broersen & Vink 2015, MNRAS, 446, 3885. Chandra observations. ADS
• Ergin et al. 2017, ApJ, 842, 22. Suzaku and Fermi observations. ADS
• Sett et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A183. Pulsar radio search. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G54.1+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 30 31
• Declination: +18 52
• Size (/arcmin): 12?
• Type: C?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5
• Spectral Index: 0.1

Radio: Filled-centre core, with possible faint diffuse emission.

X-ray: Centrally concentrated, with more extended diffuse emission.

Point sources: Central pulsar.

Distance: HI absorption suggests 4.9, association with CO suggests 8.2 kpc, and optical absorption suggests 6.3 kpc.

References:

• Green 1985, MNRAS, 216, 691. Radio at 2.7 GHz (7″×20″). ADS
• Reich et al. 1985, A&A, 151, L10. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=0.37±0.04 Jy). ADS
• Velusamy & Becker 1988, AJ, 95, 1162. VLA at 1.4 (14″: S=0.48±0.03 Jy), 1.6 (14″: S=0.42±0.03 Jy) and 5 GHz (5″: S=0.33±0.02 Jy), Ooty at 327 MHz (S=0.50±0.08 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Seward 1989, AJ, 97, 481. Einstein observations. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
• Lu et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 570. ROSAT and ASCA observations. ADS
• Lu et al. 2002, ApJ, 568, L49. Chandra observations. ADS
• Camilo et al. 2002, ApJ, 574, L71. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Kaplan & Moon 2006, ApJ, 644, 1056. IR upper limit for pulsar. ADS
• Leahy et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1477. VGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including HI. ADS
• Koo et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, L147. Akari observations of surroundings. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Bocchino et al. 2010, A&A, 520, A71. XMM-Newton and Suzaku observations. ADS
• Lang et al. 2010, ApJ, 709, 1125. VLA at 1.4 GHz (6.″6×6.″8), 4.7 GHz (3.″2×3.″3), and 8.2 GHz (3.″0×3.″2) and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Acciari et al. 2010, ApJ, 719, L69. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2012, JKAS, 45, 117. CO observations of region. ADS
• Krivonos et al. 2017, MNRAS, 470, 512. INTEGRAL observations. ADS
• Temim et al. 2017, ApJ, 836, 129. Spitzer, Herschel and Akari observations. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Ranasinghe & Leahy 2018, AJ, 155, 204. VGPS HI absorption observations. ADS
• Rho et al. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 5101. Spitzer, Herschel and other observations. ADS
• Driessen et al. 2018, ApJ, 860, 133. LOFAR at 144 MHz, plus other observations. ADS
• Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
• Guest & Safi-Harb 2020, MNRAS, 498, 821. Chandra observations. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS
• Millard et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 36. ISO far-IR spectroscopy. ADS
• Albert et al. 2023, ApJ, 942, 96. γ-ray observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G54.4−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

(HC40) ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 33 20
• Declination: +18 56
• Size (/arcmin): 40
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 28
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Notes: Has been called G54.5−0.3.

Radio: Shell, in complex region.

Optical: Faint filaments.

Point sources: Pulsar outside NW rim.

Distance: HI and CO observations suggest 6.6 kpc, H₂ emission suggests 5.4 kpc, optical extinction suggests 6.6 kpc.

References:

• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=34.4±5.0 Jy). ADS
• Altenhoff et al. 1979, A&AS, 35, 23. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.9 GHz (2.′6). ADS
• Caswell 1985, AJ, 90, 1224. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.′3×2.′6: S=18±4 Jy). ADS
• Velusamy et al. 1986, JApA, 7, 105. WSRT at 609 MHz (50″×191″ smoothed to 100″×200″). ADS
• Junkes et al. 1992, A&AS, 96, 1. Surrounding CO. ADS
• Junkes et al. 1992, A&A, 261, 289. Nearby IRAS sources. ADS
• Boumis et al. 2005, A&A, 443, 175. Optical observations. ADS
• Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. High velocity HI. ADS
• Andersen et al. 2011, ApJ, 742, 7. Spitzer observations. ADS
• Park et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 14. Arecibo of HI in region. ADS
• Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
• Karpova et al. 2017, MNRAS, 466, 1757. X-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
• Ranasinghe & Leahy 2017, ApJ, 843, 119. HI and CO observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2019, AJ, 157, 123. H₂ IR observations. ADS
• Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS
• Lee et al. 2020, AJ, 160, 263. H₂ IR observations. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.6 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G55.0+0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 32 00
• Declination: +19 50
• Size (/arcmin): 20×15?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.5?
• Spectral Index: 0.5?

Notes: Has been called G55.2+0.5.

Radio: Faint, partial shell.

Point sources: Old pulsar nearby.

Distance: Association with HI features implies 14 kpc, optical extinction suggests 10.2 kpc.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×2.′5), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz. ADS
• Matthews et al. 1998, ApJ, 493, 312. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×2.′9: S=0.98±0.15 Jy), DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.′0×2.′9: S=0.25±0.12 Jy), plus HI observations. ADS
• Reach et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1479. Spitzer possible detection. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G55.7+3.4 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 21 20
• Declination: +21 44
• Size (/arcmin): 23
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1?
• Spectral Index: 0.3?

Radio: Incomplete shell.

Point sources: Old pulsar within the boundary of the remnant.

References:

• Goss et al. 1977, A&A, 61, 93. WSRT at 610 MHz (57″×156″: S=1.9±0.2 Jy) and 1415 MHz (27″×72″: S=1.0±0.1 Jy). ADS
• Bhatnagar et al. 2011, ApJ, 739, L20. VLA at 1.3 to 1.9 GHz (30″). ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.52±0.03 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G57.2+0.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

(4C21.53) ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 34 59
• Declination: +21 57
• Size (/arcmin): 12?
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.8
• Spectral Index: 0.35

Radio: Extended non-thermal arc.

Point sources: Central magnetar/SGR.

Distance: HI observations suggest 12.5 kpc, other associations suggests 4.4 to 9.0 kpc.

References:

• Sieber & Seiradakis 1984, A&A, 130, 257. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.4 GHz (8.′8: 1.34±0.1), 2.7 GHz (4.′3: 0.86±0.1), plus other surveys of the area. ADS
• Caswell et al. 1985, AJ, 90, 488. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1′×3′). ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.74±0.04 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Surnis et al. 2016, ApJ, 826, 184. GMRT at 610 MHz and VLA at 1.4 GHz. ADS
• Israel et al. 2016, MNRAS, 457, 3448. Chandra, XMM-Newton and Swift observations of magnetar. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2018, ApJ, 852, 54. DRAO at 408 MHz (2.′8×8.′5) and 1.4 GHz (0.′82×2.′5), including HI and polarisation, plus other radio observations. ADS
• Zhong et al. 2020, ApJ, 898, L5. Distance from association with FRB. ADS
• Mereghetti et al. 2020, ApJ, 898, L29. INTEGRAL observations of FRB, for distance. ADS
• Zhou et al. 2020, ApJ, 905, 99. CO observations. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.2 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G59.5+0.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 42 33
• Declination: +23 35
• Size (/arcmin): 15
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 3?
• Spectral Index: ?

Notes: Has been called G59.6+0.1.

Radio: Incomplete shell.

Optical: Diffuse shell.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×2.′5: S=5.1±0.2 Jy), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz. ADS
• Green et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2058. Parkes 64-m OH observations. ADS
• Gök et al. 2008, Ap&SS, 318, 207. Optical observations. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Xu & Wang 2012, A&A, 543, A24. CO observations of SE. ADS
• Dokara et al. 2021, A&A, 651, A86. VLA at 4 to 8 GHz (18″: S=0.03 Jy) including polarisation, and Spitzer observations. ADS

Last updated: 20 Dec 2022

G63.7+1.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 47 52
• Declination: +27 45
• Size (/arcmin): 8
• Type: F
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.8
• Spectral Index: 0.24

Radio: Centrally brightened, with core.

X-ray: Diffuse emission.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×2.′2), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz. ADS
• Wallace et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2068. WSRT at 1.4 GHz (14″×26″: S=1.63 Jy), DRAO at 1.4 GHz (smoothed to 2′), plus review of flux densities and other observations. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=1.12±0.06 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Matheson et al. 2016, ApJ, 825, 134. XMM-Newton and Chandra observations. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G64.5+0.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 50 25
• Declination: +28 16
• Size (/arcmin): 8
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 0.15?
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Shell with central source.

Optical: Filaments in N and W.

References:

• Tian & Leahy 2006, A&A, 455, 1053. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′8×5.′9) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′7) including HI. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 249. Radio identification. ADS
• Neustadt et al. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 516. Optical observations. ADS

Last updated: 5 Aug 2022

G65.1+0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 54 40
• Declination: +28 35
• Size (/arcmin): 90×50
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.5
• Spectral Index: 0.61

Radio: Large, faint shell.

Point sources: Old pulsar nearby.

Distance: Possible association with HI suggests 9 kpc, optical extinction suggests 4.2 kpc.

References:

• Landecker et al. 1990, A&A, 232, 207. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′5×7.′0: S=9.5±0.1 Jy), and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×2.′0: S=5.4±1.0 Jy). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Tian & Leahy 2006, A&A, 455, 1053. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′8×5.′9: S=8.6±0.8 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′7: S=4.9±0.5 Jy) including HI. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=9.1±1.0 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=3.9±0.5 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Aleksić et al. 2010, ApJ, 725, 1629. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=3.2±0.3 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Froebrich et al. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 2586. H₂ IR observations. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Xing et al. 2022, ApJ, 930, 164. Fermi observations. ADS

Last updated: 5 Jan 2024

G65.3+5.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 33 00
• Declination: +31 10
• Size (/arcmin): 310×240
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 42
• Spectral Index: 0.6

Notes: Has been called G65.2+5.7.

Radio: Large, faint ring, near S91 and S94.

Optical: Filamentary ring.

X-ray: Diffuse, centrally brightened.

Distance: Optical proper motions and velocities indicates 0.8 kpc, optical extinction suggests 1.5 kpc.

References:

• Gull et al. 1977, ApJ, 215, L69. Optical plates. ADS
• Reich et al. 1979, A&A, 72, 270. Effelsberg 100-m at 1.42 GHz (smoothed to 11′: S=42.4±1.6 Jy), estimate S_408 MHz=91±5 Jy from previous sky survey. ADS
• Lozinskaya 1981, SvAL, 7, 17. Mean optical velocity. ADS
• Rosado 1981, ApJ, 250, 222. Optical interferometry. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1983, ApJS, 51, 337. Deep [OIII] imagery. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1985, ApJ, 292, 29. Optical spectra. ADS
• Seward 1990, ApJS, 73, 781. Einstein observations. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2002, A&A, 388, 355. Optical observations. ADS
• Boumis et al. 2004, A&A, 424, 583. Optical observations. ADS
• Shelton et al. 2004, ApJ, 615, 275. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 344. X-ray upper limit on compact sources. ADS
• Xiao et al. 2009, A&A, 503, 827. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=22±3 Jy), and Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9.′5: S=16.8±1.8 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gosachinskii 2010, AstL, 36, 260. HI observations. ADS
• Kim et al. 2010, ApJ, 722, 388. Far UV observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G65.7+1.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

DA 495 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 52 10
• Declination: +29 26
• Size (/arcmin): 22
• Type: F
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 5.1
• Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Has erroneously been called G55.7+1.2.

Radio: Centrally brightened with thick shell?

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Point sources: Compact X-ray source near centre.

Distance: HI polarisation observations suggest 1.5 kpc.

References:

• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=2.8±0.4 Jy), and 37-m at 1.7 GHz (S=4.4±0.5 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
  also see: Willis 1973, A&A, 27, 483. Erratum. ADS
• Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=8.7±4.9 Jy, S_318 MHz=9.7±2.2 Jy. ADS
• Landecker & Caswell 1983, AJ, 88, 1810. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (0.′9×1.′5: S=4.4±0.2 Jy). ADS
• Velusamy et al. 1989, JApA, 10, 161. Ooty at 327 MHz (36″×64″), WSRT at 610 MHz (62″) and VLA at 1.4 GHz (36″ and 12″), including IRAS imaging. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, 855. HI polarisation absorption. ADS
• Arzoumanian et al. 2004, ApJ, 610, L101. ROSAT and ASCA observations of compact source. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=6.5±0.6 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=4.0±0.2 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Arzoumanian et al. 2008, ApJ, 687, 505. Chandra observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2008, ApJ, 687, 516. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′9×6.′0: S=6.5±0.5 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (0.′82×1.′75: S=4.0±0.2 Jy), Effelsberg 100-m at 4.85 GHz (2.′45: S=1.6±0.1 Jy) and 10.55 GHz (smoothed to 2.′45: S=1.1±0.1 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=1.95±0.10 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Karpova et al. 2015, MNRAS, 453, 2241. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Coerver et al. 2019, ApJ, 878, 126. γ-ray observations. ADS

Last updated: 9 Dec 2022

G66.0−0.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 57 50
• Declination: +29 03
• Size (/arcmin): 31×25?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Notes: Has been called G66.0+0.0.

Radio: Some emission in N.

Optical: Incomplete shell.

Distance: Optical absorption suggests 2.3 or 3.9 kpc.

References:

• Sabin et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 279. Hα and radio survey observations. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G67.6+0.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 57 45
• Declination: +30 53
• Size (/arcmin): 50×45?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Arc in S.

Optical: Filamentary shell.

Distance: Optical absorption suggests 2.0 kpc.

References:

• Sabin et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 279. Hα and radio survey observations. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G67.7+1.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 54 32
• Declination: +31 29
• Size (/arcmin): 15×12
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.0
• Spectral Index: 0.61

Radio: Double arc shell.

Optical: Filaments in N.

X-ray: Detected.

Point sources: Compact X-ray source.

Distance: Optical absorption suggests 1.5–5.7 kpc.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×1.′9: S=1.9±0.1 Jy), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz (S=0.42±0.05 Jy). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2001, A&A, 370, 265. Optical observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=1.1±0.1 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=0.68±0.04 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Gök et al. 2008, Ap&SS, 318, 207. Optical observations. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Hui & Becker 2009, A&A, 494, 1005. Chandra observations. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.30±0.03 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G67.8+0.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 00 00
• Declination: +30 51
• Size (/arcmin): 7×5
• Type: ?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Poorly resolved arc.

Optical: Diffuse shell, brighter to W.

References:

• Sabin et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 279. Hα and radio survey observations. ADS
• Chawner et al. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 2706. Herschel observations. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G68.6−1.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 08 40
• Declination: +30 37
• Size (/arcmin): 23
• Type: ?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1.1
• Spectral Index: 0.2

Radio: Faint, poorly defined source.

References:

• Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
• Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
• Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 1420 MHz (~1′: S=0.57±0.08 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.80±0.04 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 24 May 2014

G69.0+2.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

CTB 80 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 19 53 20
• Declination: +32 55
• Size (/arcmin): 80?
• Type: ?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 120?
• Spectral Index: varies

Notes: An association with a SN in AD1408 has been suggested. Has been called G68.8+2.8.

Radio: Compact core, flat spectrum plateau, and steeper spectrum extensions, with spectral break?

Optical: Expanding nebulosity near centre, with filaments to the SW and far NE.

X-ray: Diffuse emission with compact source.

Point sources: Pulsar at W edge of core.

Distance: HI observations suggest 1.5 kpc, and optical absorption suggests 4.6 kpc.

References:

• Angerhofer et al. 1981, A&A, 94, 313. WSRT at 610 MHz (56″×103″) 1.4 GHz (24″×44″) and 5 GHz (7″×13″), plus optical. ADS
• Becker et al. 1982, ApJ, 255, 557. X-ray observations. ADS
• Sofue et al. 1983, PASJ, 35, 437. NRO 45-m at 10.2 GHz (2.′7). ADS
• Velusamy & Kundu 1983, JApA, 4, 253. VLA of compact sources. ADS
• Blair et al. 1984, ApJ, 282, 161. Optical images and spectra. ADS
• Wang & Seward 1984, ApJ, 285, 607. Einstein observations. ADS
• Strom et al. 1984, A&A, 139, 43. Radio observations of flat spectrum component, VLA 5 GHz (1.″7) and 1.4 GHz. ADS
• Mantovani et al. 1985, A&A, 145, 50. Bologna at 408 MHz (2.′6×4.′9: S=67.5±10.5 Jy), Effelsberg 100-m at 1.41 (9′: S=62±9 Jy), 1.72 (7.′6: S=66±5 Jy), 2.7 (4.′5: S=52±4 Jy) and 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=44±3.3 Jy), plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Kulkarni et al. 1988, Nature, 331, 50. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Angelini et al. 1988, ApJ, 330, L43. EXOSAT spectra. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1988, Nature, 334, 229. IRAS of surrounding shell. ADS
• Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
• Whitehead et al. 1989, MNRAS, 237, 1109. Optical of core. ADS
• Salter et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 171. NRAO 12-m at 84.2 GHz of core, plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Hester & Kulkarni 1989, ApJ, 340, 362. Optical imaging and spectroscopy. ADS
• Koo et al. 1990, ApJ, 364, 178. Large, expanding HI shell. ADS
• Greidanus & Strom 1990, A&A, 240, 376. Optical kinematics of core. ADS
• Koo et al. 1993, ApJ, 417, 196. VLA at 1.4 GHz of surrounding HI (1′), plus IRAS. ADS
• Safi-Harb et al. 1995, ApJ, 439, 722. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Srinivasan 1997, ApJ, 489, 170. γ-ray observations of pulsar. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2001, A&A, 371, 300. Optical observations. ADS
• Butler et al. 2002, A&A, 395, 845. HST detection of pulsar. ADS
• Migliazzo et al. 2002, ApJ, 567, L141. Pulsar proper motion study. ADS
• Castelletti et al. 2003, AJ, 126, 2114. GMRT at 240 and 618 MHz (17″×26″ and 6″×10″) and VLA at 324 and 1380 MHz (63″×73″ and 78″×93″). ADS
• Moon et al. 2004, ApJ, 610, L33. Chandra and HST observations of core. ADS
• Li et al. 2005, ApJ, 628, 931. Chandra observations of pulsar and surroundings. ADS
• Golden et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, L153. High resolution radio observations of pulsar and surroundings. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=72±7 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=56±5 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. High velocity HI. ADS
• Albert et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1143. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Zeiger et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 271. Proper motion of pulsar. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=36±4 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Leahy & Ranasinghe 2012, MNRAS, 423, 718. CGPS at 1.4 GHz, including HI, plus ROSAT observations. ADS
• Park et al. 2013, ApJ, 777, 14. Arecibo of HI in region. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 30 and 44 GHz. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Li et al. 2020, RAA, 20, 186. Radio study from various surveys. ADS
• Araya & Herrera 2021, MNRAS, 502, 472. Fermi observations. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

G69.7+1.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 02 40
• Declination: +32 43
• Size (/arcmin): 16×14
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2.0
• Spectral Index: 0.7

Radio: Poorly resolved source.

X-ray: Detected.

References:

• Reich et al. 1988, IAUCo, 101, 293. Summary of parameters. ADS
• Junkes et al. 1988, LNP, 316, 134. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), including polarisation. ADS
• Reich et al. 1990, A&AS, 85, 633. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Yoshita et al. 2000, PASJ, 52, 867. ROSAT and ASCA observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=3.2±0.4 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=1.5±0.1 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.78±0.07 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2014

G70.0−21.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 21 24 00
• Declination: +19 23
• Size (/arcmin): 330×240
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Not detected.

Optical: Large, faint shell of filaments.

X-ray: Partially detected.

Point sources: Possible associated WD.

Distance: Association with WD implies 1 kpc.

References:

• Boumis et al. 2002, A&A, 396, 225. Optical and ROSAT observations. ADS
• Fesen et al. 2015, ApJ, 812, 37. Hα and other optical/UV line and ROSAT observations. ADS
• Shen et al. 2018, ApJ, 865, 15. GAIA of WD. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2020, ApJ, 888, 90. Optical observations. ADS
• Bracco et al. 2020, A&A, 636, L8. Optical, IR and dust observations. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G73.9+0.9 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 14 15
• Declination: +36 12
• Size (/arcmin): 27
• Type: S?
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
• Spectral Index: 0.23

Radio: Diffuse, centrally brightened to SW.

Optical: Faint shell.

Distance: Optical extinction suggests 4.0 kpc.

References:

• Reich et al. 1986, A&A, 155, 185. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 GHz (2.′4: S=6.7±0.5 Jy), plus other flux densities. ADS
• Chastenay & Pineault 1988, IAUCo, 101, 297. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′5×5.′9) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′7). ADS
• Pineault & Chastenay 1990, MNRAS, 246, 169. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′4×5.′8: S=12.7±1.2 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′7: S=7.4±1.0 Jy). ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Pineault et al. 1996, AJ, 112, 201. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (smoothed to 2′) for HI. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Mavromatakis 2003, A&A, 398, 153. Optical observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=10.0±1.7 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=7.6±0.6 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Sitnik 2010, ARep, 54, 317. Hα and CO observations of region. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=6.2±0.3 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Zdziarski et al. 2016, MNRAS, 455, 1451. Fermi observations. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G74.0−8.5 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

Cygnus Loop ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 51 00
• Declination: +30 40
• Size (/arcmin): 230×160
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 210
• Spectral Index: varies

Notes: Has been suggested that this is two overlapping remnants.

Radio: Shell, brightest to the NE, with fainter breakout region to S, with spectral variations.

Optical: Large filamentary loop, brightest to the NE, not well defined to the S or W.

X-ray: Shell in soft X-rays.

Point sources: Several compact radio sources within the boundary of the remnant.

Distance: Stellar interactions gives 0.73 kpc.

References:

• Green 1990, AJ, 100, 1927. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′3×6.′7) for spectral index study, plus X-ray and optical. ADS
• Graham et al. 1991, AJ, 101, 175. Shocked molecular H outside rim in NE. ADS
• Fesen et al. 1992, AJ, 104, 719. Hα imagery. ADS
• Arendt et al. 1992, ApJ, 400, 562. IRAS observations. ADS
• Hester et al. 1994, ApJ, 420, 721. Hα, [OIII] and other optical observations of Balmer dominated filaments in NE. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Leahy et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 2081. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1′×2′), including polarisation. ADS
• Leahy & Roger 1998, ApJ, 505, 784. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′9) and 408 MHz (3.′4×6.′9), for spectral index studies in comparison with other radio observations. ADS
• Levenson et al. 1998, ApJS, 118, 541. Optical images. ADS
• Roger et al. 1999, A&AS, 137, 7. 22 MHz flux density (S=1400±400 Jy). ADS
• Bohigas et al. 1999, ApJ, 518, 324. Optical spectroscopy of surroundings. ADS
• Levenson et al. 1999, ApJ, 526, 874. ROSAT images. ADS
• Blair et al. 1999, AJ, 118, 942. HST observations, for distance. ADS
• Danforth et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 2319. UV, optical and X-ray comparison of selected regions. ADS
• Miyata et al. 2001, ApJ, 550, 1023. ASCA observations of compact X-ray sources. ADS
• Danforth et al. 2001, AJ, 122, 938. Far-UV spectroscopy, Hα and other optical observations of NE region. ADS
• Levenson & Graham 2001, ApJ, 559, 948. HST of SE region. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2002, A&A, 389, L61. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3) including polarisation, and comparison with ROSAT data. ADS
• Leahy 2002, AJ, 123, 2689. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (2′×4′) for HI. ADS
• Blair et al. 2002, ApJS, 140, 367. UV spectroscopy. ADS
• Levenson et al. 2002, ApJ, 576, 798. Chandra observations of W edge. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.′5: S=184±18 Jy). ADS
• Leahy 2004, MNRAS, 351, 385. Chandra observations of SW. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2004, A&A, 426, 909. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′3), with comparison with other data for spectral index studies. ADS
• Blair et al. 2005, AJ, 129, 2268. HST of outer filaments. ADS
• Leahy 2005, AJ, 130, 165. DRAO at 1.4 GHz of SE. ADS
• Levenson & Graham 2005, ApJ, 622, 366. Chandra observations of knot in SE. ADS
• Sun et al. 2006, A&A, 447, 937. Urumqi 25-m at 4.8 GHz (9.′5: S=90±9 Jy), with comparisons with other data for spectral index studies. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2006, ApJS, 163, 344. X-ray upper limit on compact sources. ADS
• Seon et al. 2006, ApJ, 644, L175. Far UV observations. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2007, AJ, 133, 1383. UV observations of part. ADS
• Tsunemi et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1717. XMM-Newton observations of NE to SW. ADS
• Nemes et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 1293. XMM-Newton observations of NE. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1198. Chandra observations of NE. ADS
• Uchida et al. 2008, ApJ, 688, 1102. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Uchida et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, 503. Suzaku observations of N. ADS
• Kimura et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, S137. Suzaku observations from NE to SW. ADS
• Tsunemi et al. 2009, PASJ, 61, S147. Suzaku observations of SE. ADS
• Kosugi et al. 2010, PASJ, 62, 1035. Suzaku observations of SE. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2010, ApJ, 712, 1092. Spitzer observations. ADS
• McEntaffer & Brantseg 2011, ApJ, 730, 99. Chandra observations of E. ADS
• Katagiri et al. 2011, ApJ, 741, 44. Fermi observations. ADS
• Leahy & Hassan 2013, ApJ, 764, 55. Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations of SW. ADS
• Oakley et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 51. X-ray spectroscopy. ADS
• Kim et al. 2014, ApJ, 784, 12. Far UV observations. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2014, ApJ, 787, 3. Spitzer spectroscopy in SE. ADS
• Medina et al. 2014, ApJ, 791, 30. Optical spectroscopy in NE. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2015, ApJ, 805, 152. HST observations in NE. ADS
  also see: Raymond et al. 2015, ApJ, 814, 165. Erratum. ADS
• Roberts & Wang 2015, MNRAS, 449, 1340. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux density 30 GHz. ADS
• Katsuda et al. 2016, ApJ, 819, L32. Hα spectroscopy of NE. ADS
• Koo et al. 2016, ApJ, 821, 20. Spitzer and Herschel flux densities (and comparison with X-ray properties). ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Boubert et al. 2017, A&A, 606, A14. Gaia search for runaway progenitor companion. ADS
• Seok et al. 2020, ApJ, 893, 79. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2020, ApJ, 903, 2. Optical spectroscopy. ADS
• Fesen et al. 2021, MNRAS, 507, 244. Gaia observations for distance. ADS
• Sun et al. 2022, RAA, 22, 125011. FAST at 1.27 GHz (4′), including polarisation. ADS
• Sankrit et al. 2023, ApJ, 948, 97. Multi-epoch HST observations. ADS
• Raymond et al. 2023, ApJ, 954, 34. Optical spectroscopy and proper motion study of filaments in E. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G74.9+1.2 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

CTB 87 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 16 02
• Declination: +37 12
• Size (/arcmin): 8×6
• Type: F
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 9
• Spectral Index: 0.3

Radio: Filled-centre, with high polarisation, and larger faint halo,

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Point sources: Compact X-ray source in SE.

Distance: Optical extinction gives 6.1 kpc.

References:

• Dickel & DeNoyer 1975, AJ, 80, 437. Arecibo S_430 MHz=12.2±9.7 Jy, S_318 MHz=17.7±5.0 Jy. ADS
• Weiler & Shaver 1978, A&A, 70, 389. WSRT at 610 MHz (57″×94″: S=9.1±1.2 Jy), 1.4 (24″×40″: S=8.7±1.2 Jy) and 5 GHz (24″×40″: S=5.6±1.3 Jy). ADS
• Geldzahler et al. 1980, A&A, 84, 237. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=7.6±0.5 Jy). ADS
• Wilson 1980, ApJ, 241, L19. Einstein observations. ADS
• van Gorkom et al. 1982, MNRAS, 198, 757. WSRT HI absorption of nearby compact source. ADS
• Seaquist & Gilmore 1982, AJ, 87, 378. VLA observations of nearby source. ADS
• Morsi & Reich 1987, A&AS, 69, 533. Effelsberg 100-m at 32 GHz (smoothed to 40″: S=1.47±0.19 Jy). ADS
• Green & Gull 1989, MNRAS, 237, 555. VLA at 1.4 GHz (1.′2×1.′4) including HI. ADS
• Salter et al. 1989, ApJ, 338, 171. NRAO 12-m at 84.2 GHz, plus review of flux densities. ADS
• Pineault & Chastenay 1990, MNRAS, 246, 169. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′4×5.′8: S=11.6±0.4 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′7: S=7.2±0.3 Jy). ADS
• Asaoka & Koyama 1990, PASJ, 42, 625. Ginga X-ray spectrum. ADS
• Wendker et al. 1991, A&A, 241, 551. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′5×5.′2: S=13.3±0.8 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 4.8 GHz (S=7.5±0.7 Jy). ADS
• Wallace et al. 1994, A&A, 286, 565. HI of surroundings. ADS
• Cho et al. 1994, AJ, 108, 634. CO of adjacent molecular clouds. ADS
• Gorham et al. 1996, ApJ, 458, 257. Pulsar search. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Wallace et al. 1997, A&A, 317, 212. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′4×5.′5) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′6) including HI (smoothed to 2′). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2003, ApJ, 588, 852. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′×1.′6) including HI, plus CO observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=11.9±0.9 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=7.1±1.1 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Sitnik 2010, ARep, 54, 317. Hα and CO observations of region. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=6.4±0.4 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Matheson et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 33. Chandra observations. ADS
• Bassani et al. 2014, A&A, 561, A108. X-ray and γ-ray observations. ADS
• Aliu et al. 2014, ApJ, 788, 78. γ-ray detection. ADS
• Saha 2016, MNRAS, 460, 3563. Fermi observations. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Liu et al. 2018, ApJ, 859, 173. CO observations. ADS
• Abeysekara et al. 2018, ApJ, 861, 134. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Guest et al. 2020, MNRAS, 491, 3013. XMM-Newton observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2020, MNRAS, 496, 723. Effelsberg 100-m at 4.75 (2.′5), 10.55 (1.′2), 14.7 (0.′85) and 32 GHz (0.′45), plus other radio survey observations. ADS
• Reich et al. 2022, A&A, 668, A39. Effelsberg 100-m at 14.7 (51″: S=4.3±0.4 Jy) and 17.3 GHz (43″: S=3.9±0.3 Jy), plus review of radio spectrum. ADS

Last updated: 4 Jan 2024

G76.9+1.0 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 22 20
• Declination: +38 43
• Size (/arcmin): 9
• Type: C
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 2?
• Spectral Index: ?

Radio: Bipolar shell.

Point sources: Central pulsar.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×1.′6), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1993, A&A, 276, 522. VLA at 1.49 GHz (14″), 4.86 GHz (13″×16″) and 8.55 GHz (11″×12″), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1997, A&AS, 123, 199. Miyun at 232-MHz (3.′8×5.′4). ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=2.3±0.2 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=1.35±0.07 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Hurley-Walker et al. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 365. Radio observations at 14 to 18 GHz. ADS
• Sun et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A83. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=0.79±0.07 Jy) including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Marthi et al. 2011, MNRAS, 416, 2560. GMRT at 618 MHz (51″×54″), 1160 MHz (2.″2×3.″4), and Chandra observations of central source. ADS
• Arzoumanian et al. 2011, ApJ, 739, 39. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G78.2+2.1 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

DR4, ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext γ Cygni SNR ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 20 50
• Declination: +40 26
• Size (/arcmin): 60
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 320
• Spectral Index: 0.51

Notes: Has been called G78.1+1.8.

Radio: In complex region (early catalogues refer to other proposed remnants in this region).

Optical: Faint filaments, spectra indicate a SNR superposed on a HII region.

X-ray: Weak emission from the SE of the remnant.

Point sources: X-ray pulsar at edge of remnant, with nebula.

Distance: Associations with other objects suggests 1.7 to 2.6 kpc, optical extinction suggests 0.98 kpc.

References:

• Higgs et al. 1977, AJ, 82, 718. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (2′×3′: S=270±40 Jy) plus some 10 GHz (4′) survey data, reveals true extent of remnant. ADS
• D′Odorico & Sabbadin 1977, A&AS, 28, 439. Optical spectra. ADS
• van den Bergh 1978, ApJS, 38, 119. Optical observations. ADS
• Landecker et al. 1980, A&AS, 39, 133. DRAO HI observations (2′×3.′1). ADS
• Higgs et al. 1983, AJ, 88, 97. CO of surroundings. ADS
• Bohigas et al. 1983, RMxAA, 8, 155. Optical spectra, find thermal only. ADS
• Braun & Strom 1986, A&AS, 63, 345. WSRT HI observations. ADS
• Fukui & Tatematsu 1988, IAUCo, 101, 261. CO observations of the vicinity (2.′7). ADS
• Green 1989, MNRAS, 238, 737. OH observations. ADS
• Pineault & Chastenay 1990, MNRAS, 246, 169. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′4×5.′8: S=480±60 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′7: S=270±40 Jy). ADS
• Wendker et al. 1991, A&A, 241, 551. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′5×5.′2: S=540±40 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 4.8 GHz (S=150±15 Jy). ADS
• Esposito et al. 1996, ApJ, 461, 820. Associated γ-ray emission. ADS
• Brazier et al. 1996, MNRAS, 281, 1033. γ-ray and X-ray point source. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Zhang et al. 1997, A&A, 324, 641. Multi-frequency radio comparison. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Roberts et al. 2001, ApJS, 133, 451. ASCA observations. ADS
• Uchiyama et al. 2002, ApJ, 571, 866. ASCA observations. ADS
• Mavromatakis 2003, A&A, 408, 237. Optical observations. ADS
• Bykov 2004, A&A, 427, L21. Hard X-ray observations. ADS
• Becker et al. 2004, ApJ, 615, 897. Chandra and other observations of compact sources. ADS
• Weisskopf et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 387. Chandra and other observations of compact sources. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=500±35 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=226±19 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. High velocity HI. ADS
• Casandjian & Grenier 2008, A&A, 489, 849. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Ladouceur & Pineault 2008, A&A, 490, 197. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′9×4.′5) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′5). ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=170±18 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Leahy et al. 2013, MNRAS, 436, 968. ROSAT and Chandra observations, and CGPS for HI. ADS
• Aliu et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 93. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Lin et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, L9. Pulsar detection. ADS
• Hui et al. 2015, ApJ, 799, 76. XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of pulsar, including proper motion. ADS
• Fraija & Araya 2016, ApJ, 826, 31. Fermi observations. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Abeysekara et al. 2018, ApJ, 861, 134. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Piano et al. 2019, ApJ, 878, 54. γ-ray observations. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Sett et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A183. Pulsar radio search. ADS
• MAGIC Collaboration: Acciari et al. 2023, A&A, 670, A8. γ-ray observations. ADS

Last updated: 12 Mar 2024

G82.2+5.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

W63 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 19 00
• Declination: +45 30
• Size (/arcmin): 95×65
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 120?
• Spectral Index: 0.5?

Notes: Has been called G82.5+5.3.

Radio: Shell in the Cygnus X complex.

Optical: In complex region, but spectra indicate SNR filaments.

X-ray: Detected.

Distance: Optical absorption suggests 3.2 kpc, optical extinction suggests 1.3 kpc.

References:

• Velusamy & Kundu 1974, A&A, 32, 375. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=59.0±3.5 Jy). ADS
• Sabbadin 1976, A&A, 51, 159. Optical spectra. ADS
• Angerhofer et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 11. NRAO 140-ft at 5 GHz (6.′8). Incomplete mapping. ADS
• Rosado & González 1981, RMxAA, 5, 93. Optical spectra. ADS
• Seward 1990, ApJS, 73, 781. Einstein observations. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.′5: S=82.5±5.5 Jy). ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 785. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including polarisation, of part. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2004, A&A, 415, 1051. ROSAT, ASCA and optical observations. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=144±12 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=93±5 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=49±5 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 13 Dec 2022

G83.0−0.3 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 46 55
• Declination: +42 52
• Size (/arcmin): 9×7
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 1
• Spectral Index: 0.4

Radio: Incomplete shell.

References:

• Taylor et al. 1992, AJ, 103, 931. WSRT at 327 MHz (1.′0×1.′5), and northern sky survey at 4.9 GHz. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=1.2±0.3 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=0.8±0.1 Jy, including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS

Last updated: 9 Apr 2019

G84.2−0.8 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 53 20
• Declination: +43 27
• Size (/arcmin): 20×16
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 11
• Spectral Index: 0.5

Radio: Elongated shell, with a filament aligned with the major axis.

X-ray: Detected.

Distance: HI absorption suggests 6 kpc.

References:

• Matthews et al. 1977, A&A, 55, 1. WSRT at 610 MHz (56″×81″: S=12.4±1.5 Jy) and Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=6.8±1.3 Jy). ADS
• Matthews & Shaver 1980, A&A, 87, 255. WSRT at 1415 MHz (23″×32″), and Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4: S=5.6±0.5 Jy). ADS
• Feldt & Green 1993, A&A, 274, 421. DRAO at 1.4 GHz (1′×1.′5), including HI, plus CO observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 785. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including polarisation. ADS
• Kaplan et al. 2004, ApJS, 153, 269. Chandra limits for any compact source. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=14.5±0.5 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=7.2±0.8 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Leahy & Green 2012, ApJ, 760, 25. CGPS, including HI, plus Chandra observations. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS

Last updated: 28 Apr 2014

G85.4+0.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 50 40
• Declination: +45 22
• Size (/arcmin): 24?
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: 0.2

Radio: Faint, incomplete shell, within larger thermal shell.

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Distance: HI observations suggest 3.5 kpc, optical absorption suggests 4.4 or 3.8 kpc.

References:

• Kothes et al. 2001, A&A, 376, 641. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′8×4.′4: S<0.45 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′1), plus HI and X-ray data. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=2.9±0.5 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=2.3±0.2 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Jackson et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 936. XMM-Newton and HI observations. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G85.9−0.6 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 58 40
• Declination: +44 53
• Size (/arcmin): 24
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): ?
• Spectral Index: 0.2

Radio: Faint, incomplete shell.

Optical: Diffuse shell.

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Distance: HI observations suggest 4.8 kpc, optical extinction suggests 3.3 kpc.

References:

• Kothes et al. 2001, A&A, 376, 641. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′8×4.′4: S<0.9 Jy) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′1), plus HI, X-ray and optical data. ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=3.0±1.3 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=2.2±0.8 Jy), including review of flux densities. ADS
• Jackson et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 936. XMM-Newton and HI observations. ADS
• Gök et al. 2009, Ap&SS, 324, 17. Optical observations. ADS
• Jeong et al. 2012, Ap&SS, 342, 389. CO observations of region. ADS
• Wang et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A72. Optical extinction for distance. ADS

Last updated: 14 Dec 2022

G89.0+4.7 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

HB21 ADS: search title/keyword/abstract or fulltext

• Right Ascension: 20 45 00
• Declination: +50 35
• Size (/arcmin): 120×90
• Type: S
• Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 220
• Spectral Index: 0.38

Radio: Distorted shell (4C50.52, an extragalactic double, is within the boundary of the remnant).

Optical: Filaments and patches.

X-ray: Centrally brightened.

Distance: Various associations suggest 0.8 kpc, optical extinction suggests 2.3 kpc.

References:

• Hirabayashi & Takahashi 1972, PASJ, 24, 231. 30-m dish at 4.2 GHz (11′: S=160±40 Jy). ADS
• Willis 1973, A&A, 26, 237. NRAO 300-ft at 2.7 GHz (5′: S=148±16 Jy), plus optical filaments. ADS
• Hill 1974, MNRAS, 169, 59. Half-Mile Telescope at 1.4 GHz (3′×3.′9). ADS
• Haslam et al. 1975, A&A, 39, 453. Effelsberg 100-m at 2.7 GHz (4.′4). ADS
• Fukui & Tatematsu 1988, IAUCo, 101, 261. CO observations of the vicinity (2.′7). ADS
• Tatematsu et al. 1990, A&A, 237, 189. DRAO at 408 MHz (3.′5×4.′5) and 1.4 GHz (1.′0×1.′3), including HI, plus CO observations of adjacent molecular cloud. ADS
• Biggs & Lyne 1996, MNRAS, 282, 691. Pulsar search. ADS
• Leahy & Aschenbach 1996, A&A, 315, 260. ROSAT observations. ADS
• Lorimer et al. 1998, A&A, 331, 1002. Pulsar search. ADS
• Koo et al. 2001, ApJ, 552, 175. NRAO 12-m and other CO observations (27″ and 45″) of eastern part. ADS
• Reich et al. 2003, A&A, 408, 961. Effelsberg 100-m at 863 MHz (14.′5: S=228±5 Jy). ADS
• Uyanıker et al. 2003, ApJ, 585, 785. CGPS at 1.4 GHz (1′) including polarisation. ADS
• Byun et al. 2006, ApJ, 637, 283. CO observations of surroundings. ADS
• Lazendic & Slane 2006, ApJ, 647, 350. X-ray observations. ADS
• Leahy 2006, ApJ, 647, 1125. CGPS at 408 MHz (2.′8×3.′7) and 1.4 GHz (0.′8×1.′1). ADS
• Kothes et al. 2006, A&A, 457, 1081. CGPS at 408 MHz (~3′: S=259±19 Jy) and 1420 MHz (~1′: S=183±9 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Kang & Koo 2007, ApJS, 173, 85. High velocity HI. ADS
• Mavromatakis et al. 2007, A&A, 461, 991. Optical observations. ADS
• Shinn et al. 2009, ApJ, 693, 1883. IR observations. ADS
• Pannuti et al. 2010, AJ, 140, 1787. ASCA and observations. ADS
• Shinn et al. 2010, AdSpR, 45, 445. IR observations in S. ADS
• Gao et al. 2011, A&A, 529, A159. Urumqi 25-m at 5 GHz (9.′5: S=107±11 Jy), including polarisation and review of flux densities. ADS
• Reichardt et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A21. Fermi detection. ADS
• Shinn et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 34. Akari observations of H₂. ADS
• Pivato et al. 2013, ApJ, 779, 179. Fermi observations. ADS
• Planck Collaboration: Arnaud et al. 2016, A&A, 586, A134. Planck flux densities at 30 and 44 GHz. ADS
• Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations. ADS
• Boubert et al. 2017, A&A, 606, A14. Gaia search for runaway progenitor companion. ADS
• Shan et al. 2018, ApJS, 238, 35. Optical absorption for distance. ADS
• Suzuki et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, 75. Suzaku observations. ADS
• Ambrogi et al. 2019, A&A, 623, A86. Fermi detection. ADS
• Zhao et al. 2020, ApJ, 891, 137. Optical extinction for distance. ADS
• Sett et al. 2021, A&A, 647, A183. Pulsar radio search. ADS

Last updated: 16 Dec 2022

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